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Post by pieter on Mar 2, 2015 11:10:41 GMT -7
Post-war underground honoured on 'Day of Cursed Soldiers'02.03.2015 08:59President Bronisław Komorowski led tributes on Sunday to the anti-communist underground that fought after the end of WWII, marking the official 'Day of Cursed Soldiers.'President Bronisław Komorowski speaks on Sunday at the Presidential Palace. Photo: PAP/Jakub KamińskiDuring a ceremony at the Presidential Palace, Komorowski confirmed the names of five operatives whose remains have been positively identified in recent months. Documentation of the finds was presented to relatives of the fallen. The subject of the so-called ' Cursed Soldiers' was taboo during the communist era, and it was not until 2011 that an official day of rememembrance was introduced. Komorowski thanked the Institutute of National Remembrance ( IPN), which has spearheaded efforts to locate the remains of victims. '' Every year, through joint efforts, new, tragic elements are added to our much-needed knowledge of these people and their deaths,'' he said. The president noted that the exhumation of ' Cursed Soldiers' is '' a delicate matter'', as the victims were often buried in unmarked graves beneath those of ordinary civilians. However, '' it must be done,'' he added. Among those identified in the recent wave of exhumations was Danuta Siedzikówna (codename Inka), a field nurse who was just 17 when she was executed in 1946. Her remains were discovered at the Garrison Cemetery in Gdańsk. The other four operarives recently identified were Edward Pytka, Joseph Kozłowski, Marian Kaczmarek. March 1 was selected as a poignant date for the day of remembrance, as on that day in 1951, seven prominent members of post-war resistance force Freedom and Independence ( WiN) were executed in Warsaw following a trial at a military court. (nh) Source: PAP
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Post by pieter on Mar 2, 2015 11:24:58 GMT -7
Cursed soldiersThe 'Cursed soldiers' of the anti-communist underground. Left to right: Henryk Wybranowski "Tarzan" (killed Nov. 1948), Edward Taraszkiewicz "Żelazny" (killed Oct. 1951), Mieczysław Małecki "Sokół" (killed Nov. 1947), and Stanisław Pakuła pseudonym "Krzewina". Photo: June 1947The cursed soldiers (that is, " accursed soldiers" or " damned soldiers"; Polish: Żołnierze wyklęci) is a name applied to a variety of Polish resistance movements formed in the later stages of World War II and afterwards. Created by some members of the Polish Secret State, these clandestine organizations continued their armed struggle against the Stalinist government of Poland well into the 1950s. The guerrilla warfare included an array of military attacks launched against the new Communist prisons as well as MBP state security offices, detention facilities for political prisoners, and concentration camps set up across the country. Most of the Polish anti-Communist groups ceased to exist in the late 1940s or 1950s, hunted down by Polish MBP security services and Sovjet NKVD assassination squads. However, the last known ' cursed soldier', Józef Franczak, was killed in an ambush as late as 1963, almost 20 years after the Soviet take-over of Poland. Józef Franczak as corporal of Military Police before 1939Józef Franczak, after he was killed by the ZOMO paramilitary-police in the village Majdan Kozic Górnych in 1963Danuta Siedzikówna (nom de guerre: Inka; underground name: Danuta Obuchowicz; born 3 September 1928, Guszczewina – died 28 August 1946, Gdańsk)Józef Kuraś, (October 23, 1915 – February 22, 1947), noms-de-guerre "Orzeł" (Eagle) and from June 1943 "Ogień" (Fire)The best-known Polish anti-communist resistance organizations operating in Stalinist Poland included Freedom and Independence ( Wolność i Niezawisłość, WIN), National Armed Forces ( Narodowe Siły Zbrojne, NSZ), National Military Union ( Narodowe Zjednoczenie Wojskowe, NZW), Konspiracyjne Wojsko Polskie ( Underground Polish Army, KWP), Ruch Oporu Armii Krajowej ( Home Army Resistance, ROAK), Armia Krajowa Obywatelska ( Citizens' Home Army, AKO), NIE ( NO, short for Niepodległość), Armed Forces Delegation for Poland ( Delegatura Sił Zbrojnych na Kraj), and Wolność i Sprawiedliwość ( Freedom and Justice, WiS). Similar Eastern European anti-Communists fought on in other countries. Staatspräsident Bronisław Komorowski an der Gedenktafel für die Opfer des kommunistischen Terrors vor dem Gefängnis Mokotów am Gedenktag der Verstoßenen Soldaten, 1. März 2011en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursed_soldierspl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBo%C5%82nierze_wykl%C4%99cide.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versto%C3%9Fene_Soldaten
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Post by pieter on Mar 2, 2015 11:28:19 GMT -7
The whole movie
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