There will be more churches and cathedrals if you would put a map of them next to mosque map. Next to Turkish Muslims like Kaima said many people from Yugoslavia came, amongst them many Croats, Serbs, Slovene's, Macedonians, Kosovar Alabanians and last but not least many Bosnians. These Bosnians are European muslims and they have their own mosques in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg, Austria and France, Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Turks, Moroccans, Bosnians, Arabs, Iranians (Persians), and Kurds have their separate mosques. Next to Turkish Kurds you have Iraqi Kurds, Syrian Kurds and Iranian Kurds in Germany and other European countries. These Kurds have different dialects and thus different National communities and probably mosques. Today, the majority of Kurds are Sunni Muslim, belonging to the Shafi school. The Kurdish following of the Shafi legal code has caused some tension when pushed up against Sunni Turks and Sunni Arabs who subscribe to the Hanafi legal code.
There is also a significant minority of Kurds who are Shia Muslims, primarily living in the Ilam, Kermanshah and Khorasan provinces of Iran, central and southeastern Iraq (Fayli Kurds) as well as Shia Kurds who are in Syria and especially in Turkey. Amongst Shia Muslim Kurdish communities, in particular the practitioners of Alevism in Anatolia, the Zaza language is found more commonly.
Mystical practices and participation in Sufi orders are also widespread among Kurds, with prominent Kurdish Sufi saints including Piryones.
To make everything more complicated you have also Christian Kurds, Jewish Kurds, Kurdish followers of Yarsanism, a syncretic religion. And ofcourse the Yazidi Kurds and the Zoroastrianist Kurds, these people all live in Germany. All Kurds of any faith are accepted by most Kurds as brothers and sisters of the same people. Only fanatic and fundamentalist Sunni Muslim Kurds reject other Kurds. But you have national differences between the Kurds and Kurd tribes and clans.
The Turks have three main mosque organisations: (
1)
Dyanet, the Turkish state organisation for mosques, which 'was' the most moderate one. In Turkey, the Directorate of Religious Affairs (Turkish: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, normally referred to simply as the Diyanet) is an official state institution established in 1924 under article 136 of the Constitution of Turkey by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey as a successor to the Shaykh al-Islām after the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate.
As specified by law, the duties of the Diyanet are “to execute the works concerning the beliefs, worship, and ethics of Islam, enlighten the public about their religion, and administer the sacred worshiping places”. The Diyanet drafts a weekly sermon delivered at the nation’s 85,000 mosques and more than 2,000 mosques abroad that function under the directorate. It provides Quranic education for children and trains and employs all of Turkey’s imams, who are technically considered civil servants. It has been criticized for ignoring the Islamic creed of the 33–40% of Turkey's population that is not Hanafi Sunni Muslim.
(
2)
Millî Görüş, a conservative mosque organisation. Millî Görüş (Turkish: [milˈliː ɡøˈɾyʃ], "National Outlook" or "National Vision") is a religio-political movement and a series of Islamist parties inspired by Necmettin Erbakan. It has been called one of "the leading Turkish diaspora organizations in Europe" and also described as the largest Islamic organization operating in the West. Founded in 1969, the movement claimed to have "87,000 members across Europe, including 50,000 in Germany," as of 2005. The term also refers to the "religious vision" of the organization that emphasizes the moral and spiritual strength of Islamic faith (Iman) and explains the Muslim world's decline as a result of its imitation of Western values (such as secularism) and inappropriate use of Western technology. The Movement is active in nearly all European countries and also countries like Australia, Canada and the United States.
(
3)
Süleymanci (
Süleymancılar) mosque organisation in Turkey, with independent branches in Germany, the Netherlands and United States. It is called '
de Süleymanci beweging' in the Netherlands, with it's own mosque organisation.
This organisation is a Umbrella organisation for 48 islamitische organisations in the Nederlands, and 15 associated foundations who develop societal actvitities.
Süleymanci follows islamic scholar
Suleyman Hilmi Tunahan (1888-1959), who founded a mystical movement. Some Turks in the heavily divided Turkish community in the Netherlands accuse the Umbrella organisation of running islamic orphanages.
Source:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Hilmi_Tunahan(
4)
Fethullah Gülen movement.
This movement is heavily criticized, oppressed, attacked, criminalized and blacklisted by
the Turkish government and by
Turkish diaspora communities in Europe and other Western countries as being the perpetrator of
the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt. Thousands of military personal, public servants, teachers, professors, employee's had been fired and imprisoned. By far the greatest purge was in the Ministry of National Education, where 15,200 teachers were suspended. The licenses of 21,000 teachers in the private sector were also cancelled. The Council of Higher Education asked all deans of state and private universities, numbering 1577, to resign. 626 educational institutions, mostly private, were shut down. The licenses of 24 radio and television channels and the press cards of 34 journalists accused of being linked to
Gülen were revoked.
Still you have many hidden en some open
Gülen supporters in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany, Austria, the UK, USA and Canada.
The Gülen movement (
Gülen Hareketi, in Turkish) is an Islamic transnational religious and social movement led by Turkish preacher
Fethullah Gülen, who has lived in the United States since 1999. The movement has no official name but it is usually referred to as
Hizmet ("
the Service"), or
Hizmet Hareketi ("
the Service Movement"), by its followers and as a Sufi cemaat ("
society", "
community", or "
assembly") by the broader public in
Turkey. The movement's largest body is
the Alliance for Shared Values. The movement has attracted supporters and critics in
Turkey,
Central Asia, and
other parts of the world. It is active in education with private schools and universities in over 180 countries. It has initiated forums for interfaith dialogue. It has substantial investments in media, finance, and for-profit health clinics. Despite its teachings that are considered conservative even in
Turkey, some have praised the movement as a pacifist, modern-oriented version of Islam, and as an alternative to more extreme schools of Islam such as
Salafism. But it has also been accused of having "
global, apocalyptic ambition", a "
cultish hierarchy" and of being
a secretive Islamic sect.