Afrikaner Blood, inside a racist bootcamp

[pieter]

[pieter]

Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd (8 September 1901 – 6 September 1966), also known as Dr H.F Verwoerd, was a South African Psychology and Sociology professor, Afrikaans newspaper editor-in-chief and Prime Minister of South Africa. He is regarded as the mastermind behind socially engineering and implementing the racist policies of apartheid, the system of legal racial classification and forced racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 to 1994. Apartheid was rigidly enforced by means of oppressive laws as well as aggressive security services such as security police and army. Verwoerd was an authoritarian leader and right-wing Afrikaner nationalist. He was a strong advocate of the Afrikaner volk, language, culture and Christian religion. He held that white control over South Africa could only continue if the races lived apart. He survived an assassination attempt in 1960, but was eventually assassinated in 1966.

Johannes Verwoerd: he had an elder brother named Leendert and a younger sister named Lucie. His father was a shopkeeper and a deeply religious man who decided to move his family to South Africa in 1903 because of his sympathy towards the Afrikaner nation after the Second Boer War.



Amazing, a propaganda video about South-Africa under Apartheid

[pieter]

Afrikaners


1886 Boer (Afrikaner) family

Afrikaners are a Southern African ethnic group descended from predominantly Dutch settlers first arriving in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They traditionally dominated South Africa's agriculture and politics prior to 1994. Afrikaans, South Africa's third most widely spoken home language, is the mother tongue of Afrikaners and most Cape Coloureds. It evolved from the Dutch vernacular of South Holland, incorporating words brought from Indonesia and Madagascar by slaves. Afrikaners make up approximately 5.2% of the total South African population based on the number of white South Africans who speak Afrikaans as a first language in the South African National Census of 2011.

The arrival of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama at Calicut in 1498 opened a gateway of free access to Asia from Western Europe around the Cape of Good Hope; however, it also necessitated the founding and safeguarding of trade stations in the East. Very rapidly one European power followed another, all eager to trade along this route. The Portuguese landed in Mossel Bay in 1500, explored Table Bay two years later, and by 1510 had started raiding inland. Shortly afterwards the Dutch Republic sent merchant vessels to India, and in 1602 founded the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (Dutch East India Company; VOC). As the volume of traffic rounding the Cape increased, the Company recognised its natural harbour as an ideal watering point for the long voyage around Africa to the Orient and established a victualling station there in 1652. VOC officials did not favour the permanent settlement of Europeans in their trading empire, although during the 140 years of Dutch rule many VOC servants retired or were discharged and remained as private citizens. Furthermore, the exigencies of supplying local garrisons and passing fleets compelled the administration to confer free status upon employees and oblige them to become independent farmers.

Encouraged by the success of this experiment, the Company extended free passage from 1685 to 1707 for Hollanders wishing to settle at the Cape. In 1688 it sponsored the immigration of 200 French Huguenot refugees forced into exile by the Edict of Fontainebleau. The terms under which the Huguenots agreed to immigrate were the same offered to other VOC subjects, including free passage and requisite farm equipment on credit. Prior attempts at cultivating vineyards or exploiting olive groves for fruit had been unsuccessful, and it was hoped that Huguenot colonists accustomed to Mediterranean agriculture could succeed where the Dutch had failed. They were augmented by VOC soldiers returning from Asia, predominantly Germans channeled into Amsterdam by the Company's extensive recruitment network and thence overseas. Despite their diverse nationalities, the colonists used a common language and adopted similar attitudes towards politics. The attributes they shared came to serve as a basis for the evolution of Afrikaner identity and consciousness.

Afrikaner nationalism has taken the form of political parties and secret societies such as the Broederbond in the twentieth century. In 1914 the National Party was formed to promote Afrikaner economic interests and sever South Africa's ties to the United Kingdom. Rising to prominence by winning the 1948 general elections, it has also been noted for enforcing a harsh policy of racial separation (apartheid) while simultaneously declaring South Africa a republic and withdrawing from the British Commonwealth.


Afrikaner Boer commando fighters during the Boer War from 1899 until 1902 between the Afrikaners and the British

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Boer_War

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War


Boer militiamen at Spionkop

The Battle of Spion Kop (Dutch: Slag bij Spionkop; Afrikaans: Slag van Spioenkop) was fought about 38 km (24 mi) west-south-west of Ladysmith on the hilltop of Spioenkop(1) along the Tugela River, Natal in South Africa from 23–24 January 1900. It was fought between the South African Republic and the Orange Free State on the one hand and British forces during the Second Boer War campaign to relieve Ladysmith. It was a Boer victory.

Nomenclature

The term "Afrikaner" presently denotes the politically, culturally, and socially dominant group among white South Africans, or the Afrikaans-speaking population of Dutch origin—although their original progenitors also included Flemish, French Huguenot, and German immigrants. Historically, the terms "burgher" and "Boer" have both been used to describe white Afrikaans speakers as a group; neither is particularly objectionable but Afrikaner has been considered a more appropriate term. At one time, burghers merely denoted Cape Dutch, settlers who were influential in the administration, able to participate in urban affairs, and did so regularly. Boers often referred to the settled European farmers or nomadic cattle herders. During the Batavian Republic, "burgher" was popularised among Dutch communities both at home and abroad as a popular revolutionary form of address, or citizen. In South Africa, it remained in use as late as the Second Boer War.

The first recorded instance of a colonist identifying as an "Afrikaner" occurred in March 1707, during a disturbance in Stellenbosch. When the magistrate, Johannes Starrenburg, ordered an unruly crowd to desist, a white teenager named Hendrik Biebouw retorted, "Ik ben een Afrikaander - al slaat de landdrost mij dood, of al zetten hij mij in de tronk, ik zal, nog wil niet zwijgen!" ("I am an African - even if the magistrate were to beat me to death, or put me in jail, I shall not be, nor will I stay, silent!"). Biebouw was flogged for his insolence and later banished to Jakarta. It is believed that "Afrikaner" in question initially indicated Cape Coloureds or other groups claiming mixed ancestry. Biebouw himself had numerous half-caste siblings and may have identified with Coloureds socially. However, this defiant secession from Dutch law and sovereignty was a leap towards defining another consciousness for white South Africa, suggesting for the first time a group identification with the Cape Colony rather than any ancestral homeland in Europe. In 1902, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle became the earliest English author to use "Africander" in reference to the Boers' eastward expansion from the Cape.

Population

1691 estimates

The Dutch East India Company did not wish to plant a European settlement at the Cape of Good Hope; until 1679 the only whites permitted to hold land were Company employees who were expected to produce by their own labour the commodities needed to provision passing ships. Nevertheless, after a futile attempt to recruit Khoikhoi slaves, Holland became convinced of the need to grant land to permanent settlers better motivated to raise crops and livestock for their own profit. Although the soil and climate in Cape Town was suitable for farming, willing immigrants were in short supply; the Company often secured orphans, refugees, or foreign exiles accordingly. Beginning in 1685, Dutch orphan girls found themselves dispatched in small parties. They were swiftly joined by Huguenots, driven from France by the Edict of Fontainebleau, who had accepted free passage to Africa.

South Africa's white population in 1691 may be regarded as the matrilineal Afrikaner parent stock, as no remarkable effort was made to secure more colonist families after 1688. Although some two-thirds of this figure were Hollanders, there were 150 Huguenots and a nearly equal number of Low German speakers identical in racial characteristics to the Dutch. Also represented were Swedes, Danes, and Belgians.

2011 Census

As of 2011, Afrikaners make up approximately 5.2% of the total South African population based on the number of white South Africans who speak Afrikaans as a first language in the South African National Census of 2011.

Religion


Dutch Reformed Church, Graaff-Reinet, South-Africa

Traditionally Christian, the Calvinism of Boers in South Africa developed in much the same way as the New England colonies in North America. The original South African Boer republics were founded on the principles of the Dutch Reformed Church. In 1985, 92% of Afrikaners were members of Reformed Churches. However, an opinion poll conducted among Afrikaners in February 2015 found that only 38% of Afrikaners claimed to attend church on a weekly basis. Another online poll conducted in February 2013 by a newspaper revealed that just over 30% of Afrikaners read the Bible at home.


The Dutch Reformed Church, Groote Kerk in Cape Town is the church building of the oldest existing congregation in southern Africa.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaner_Calvinism
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaner_nationalism

[karl]

Pieter

An excellent presentation of South Africa, the history and currant issues. With the bootcamp for young boys, is a mix of situation that is, but then for what? What is accomplished is a military type training camp with indoctrination that is against the currant reality of black rule.

It has been so many years since living and working out of Pretoria that what little my self may offer is very out dated and simply not in a sense of reality of the here and present. Although have I also heard of the existence of such camps and have thought of them as being a dream of old men dreaming of a new South Africa that will not be.

My self am not a friend of black rule, but that means not that my thoughts are kind to such irregular methods with the distinct reason of existence of over throwing a recognized sovereign state.

www.ilanamercer.com/phprunner/public_article_list_view.php?editid1=606


Karl

[pieter]

Dear Karl,

Most Afrikaners will not be like that far right fringe of that bootcamp. They are normal people who just happen to live in South-Africa and understand their situation as a minority. Masybe they will feel more aligned with the English speaking white South-African people, because both peoples are tiny minorities. Like German, Dutch, Danish, Belgian, French, Polish and American people you have many different kind of Afrikaners. You have original farmer Boers, you will have Afrikaner Middle class and high class. You have Afrikaner civil servants, but less than in the past, because a lot of Nasionale party state officials and civil servants will be replaced by ANC black employee's, civil servants and state officials.

The Apartheid regime had a huge state bureaucracy, but it functioned well. But the whites, blacks, coloureds, Indians (Hindu's) lived in segregated societies. That's why you had such a huge state bureaucracies, because you had parlaiments for whites, blacks, coloureds and Indians. For certain tribes and tribal leaders and kings, like the Zulu King in Kwazulu Natal the Apartheid system was functionating well, because it supported and was based on the existance of tribal and different peoples area's. That's why the Zulu Inkatha Freedom party allied itself with the Nasionale Party of Pieter Willem Botha and Pik Botha and Pik Botha, and later Frederik Willem de Klerk.


South African Prime Minister P W Botha with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and foreign secretaries Geoffrey Howe and Pik Botha

Cheers,
Pieter

[pieter]

Afrikaner poet and writer

[Jaga]

Pieter, I saw your posts about Africaners yesterday and today. Sorry I did not answer but I had a day long trip today. I likes especially pictures from old times, with the family of Africaners with children and a father-patriarch with a beautiful beard.

[pieter]

The flag of South Africa between 1928 and 1994 was the flag of the Union of South Africa and its successor state, the Republic of South Africa. Based on the Dutch Prince's Flag, it contained the flag of the United Kingdom, the flag of the Orange Free State and the flag of the South African Republic in the centre. It was nicknamed Oranje, Blanje, Blou (Afrikaans: 'orange, white, blue'). It was adopted in 1928 by an act of Parliament from the first Afrikaner majority government and was replaced by the current flag of South Africa in 1994 with the commencement of the republic's transitional constitution and end of apartheid. The flag has been a centre of controversy, with some people viewing it as a symbol of history and Afrikaner heritage while others view it as a symbol of apartheid and of white supremacy.


The Dutch Prince's Flag ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%27s_Flag )


The flag of South Africa[/b] between 1928 and 1994 was seen by the world and anti-Apartheids activists as the flag of Apartheid, racism, kolonialism and white minority rule over a back majority. The flag is popular amongst some far right White suprematist groups today.[/i]


Flag of the Orange Free State

The flag of the Orange Free State was the official flag of the Orange Free State from 1857 to 1902. It was superseded by the flag of the Orange River Colony.

History

When the Orange Free State became an independent republic in February 1854, the government hoisted a red, white and blue flag. Details of the exact design have been lost, but it was presumably similar to the contemporary Dutch flag. This was evidently intended as a temporary flag, as the first state president, Josias Philip Hoffman asked King Willem III of the Netherlands (r. 1849-1890) to give the new state which bore the Dutch royal family's name a flag and coat of arms. The king graciously agreed.

A flag and coat of arms were designed by the Hoge Raad van Adel. They duly arrived in the Orange Free State in January 1856, and the Volksraad (legislature) resolved on 28 February 1856 that "the design of the flag sent by the King of the Netherlands shall be adopted". It was officially taken into use a year later, on 23 February 1857, the third anniversary of the republic.

It was used until the republic came to an end on 31 May 1902.

Flag of the South African Republic


'Vierkleur' (1857-74, 1875-77, 1881-1902, and 1914-1915)

The Flag of the South African Republic was the flag of the former Zuid Afrikaanse Republiek or in English translation, the South African Republic, which existed from 1852 to 1877, and 1881 to 1902. Two flags were used : (1) the so-called 'Vierkleur' (Four-colour) from 1857 to 1874 and again from 1875 to 1877 and 1881 to 1902, and (2) the so-called 'Burgers Flag' from 1874 to 1875. They were superseded by the Flag of Transvaal. It was also used by the South African Republic declared in 1914 during the Maritz Rebellion, which lasted into February of 1915.


South-African Burgers Flag

History

In 1856, the Voortrekker territories north of the Vaal River agreed to unite as the "South African Republic". A constitution was drawn up and a flag designed. The flag, known as the 'Vierkleur' ("four colour") was raised in Potchefstroom on 6 January 1857, and was ratified by the republic's Volksraad (legislature) on 18 February 1858. The Vierkleur was flown until October 1874.

The new flag, introduced by state president Thomas François Burgers, was approved by the Volksraad on 24 October 1874. It was an improved version of a flag which some of the Voortrekkers are believed to have used in the 1830s and '40s. However, it was very unpopular, and on 10 May 1875, the Volksraad restored the Vierkleur as the official flag.


Thomas François Burgers (15 April 1834 – 9 December 1881) was the 4th president of the South African Republic from 1872 to 1877.

The 'Vierkleur' was in abeyance during the British occupation of the Transvaal, from 12 April 1877 to 7 August 1881. It flew again until the republic came to a final end on 31 May 1902. It was later used by the Maritz Revolt rebels who declared a resurrection of the South African Republic in 1914 and later incorporated into the National Flag of South Africa, from 1928 to 1994.

After the adoption of the 1928 flag, the Vierkleur was used by right-wing groups opposed to societal transformation and racial integration, such as the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB).


The Flag of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging

Descriptions

'Vierkleur'

The flag was simply the flag of the Netherlands with the addition of a green vertical band at the hoist. The Volksraad resolution of 18 February 1858 which confirmed the design stated that the motto 'Eendracht maakt macht' (Unity creates strength) should be placed on the flag, but this was never done.

'Burgers Flag'

The flag is blue, charged with a red saltire edged in white.

[pieter]

First Boer War


Boer Warriors target British colonial troops in an anbush

The First Boer War (Afrikaans: Eerste Vryheidsoorlog, literally "First Freedom War"), also known as the First Anglo-Boer War or the Transvaal War, was a war fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 between the United Kingdom and the South African Republic (also known as Transvaal Republic; not to be confused with the modern-day Republic of South Africa).


Armed Boer Warriors (Afrikaner fighters) during the First Boer war


Boer soldiers during the First Boer War





Battle of Majuba Hill



The Battle of Majuba Hill (near Volksrust, South Africa) on 27 February 1881 was the main and decisive battle of the First Boer War. It was a resounding victory for the Boers and the battle is considered to have been one of the most humiliating defeats of British arms in history.[1] Major-General Sir George Pomeroy Colley occupied the summit of the hill on the night of 26–27 February 1881. His motive for occupying the hill remains unclear. The Boers believed that he may have been attempting to outflank their positions at Laing's Nek. The hill was not considered scale-able by the Boers for military purposes and thus it may have been Colley's attempt to emphasize British power and strike fear into the Boer camp.

[pieter]

[pieter]

[pieter]

Boer Commandos




The Boers (Afrikaners)

[pieter]

Canadian soldiers in the Boer War with unnamed Boer prisoners of all ages.


Afrikaner Guerillas during Second Boer War by Unknown Artist


Boer General Koos De La Rey (22/10/1847 - 15/09/1914), one of South Africa's best loved military leaders during the Anglo Boer-War. Famous for his humane treatment of his enemies.




A convoy of boers engraving



Although I do not endorse the former Apartheids systems endorses by many Afrikaner Boers, I feel connected to the Boers (Afrikaners), because they speak a sort of Old Dutch, and I can understand them. There is a long distance connection. Afrikaans language and culture is closer to the Dutch one than any other language and culture.

[pieter]

Concentration camps (1900–1902)


Little Afrikaner Boer child (girl) in British concentrationcamp in South-Africa


Lizzie Van Zyl dying in a British concentration camp for Boer women and children.


Foodline at the Krugersdorp Concentration Camp





Media related to Second Boer War concentration camps at Wikimedia Commons


Tents in the Bloemfontein concentration camp


Boer women and children in a concentration camp

The term "concentration camp" was used to describe camps operated by the British in South Africa during this conflict, and the term grew in prominence during this period.

The camps had originally been set up by the British Army as "refugee camps" to provide refuge for civilian families who had been forced to abandon their homes for whatever reason related to the war. However, when Kitchener succeeded Roberts as commander-in-chief in South Africa on 29 November 1900, the British Army introduced new tactics in an attempt to break the guerrilla campaign and the influx of civilians grew dramatically as a result. Kitchener initiated plans to

flush out guerrillas in a series of systematic drives, organised like a sporting shoot, with success defined in a weekly 'bag' of killed, captured and wounded, and to sweep the country bare of everything that could give sustenance to the guerrillas, including women and children ... It was the clearance of civilians—uprooting a whole nation—that would come to dominate the last phase of the war.

As Boer farms were destroyed by the British under their "Scorched Earth" policy—including the systematic destruction of crops and slaughtering of livestock, the burning down of homesteads and farms, and the poisoning of wells and salting of fields—to prevent the Boers from resupplying from a home base many tens of thousands of women and children were forcibly moved into the concentration camps. This was not the first appearance of internment camps. The Spanish had used internment in the Ten Years' War that led to the Spanish–American War, and the United States had used them to devastate guerrilla forces during the Philippine–American War. But the Boer War concentration camp system was the first time that a whole nation had been systematically targeted, and the first in which some whole regions had been depopulated.

Eventually, there were a total of 45 tented camps built for Boer internees and 64 for black Africans. Of the 28,000 Boer men captured as prisoners of war, 25,630 were sent overseas. The vast majority of Boers remaining in the local camps were women and children. Over 26,000 women and children were to perish in these concentration camps.

The camps were poorly administered from the outset and became increasingly overcrowded when Kitchener's troops implemented the internment strategy on a vast scale. Conditions were terrible for the health of the internees, mainly due to neglect, poor hygiene and bad sanitation. The supply of all items was unreliable, partly because of the constant disruption of communication lines by the Boers. The food rations were meager and there was a two-tier allocation policy, whereby families of men who were still fighting were routinely given smaller rations than others (Pakenham 1979, p. 505). The inadequate shelter, poor diet, bad hygiene and overcrowding led to malnutrition and endemic contagious diseases such as measles, typhoid and dysentery to which the children were particularly vulnerable. An additional problem was the Boers' use of traditional medicines like a cow-dung poultice for skin diseases and crushed insects for convulsions. Coupled with a shortage of modern medical facilities, many of the internees died.

As the war raged across their farms and their homes were destroyed, many Africans became refugees and they, like the Boers, moved to the towns where the British Army hastily created internment camps. Subsequently, the "Scorched Earth" policy was ruthlessly applied to both Boers and Africans. Although most black Africans were not considered by the British to be hostile, many tens of thousands were also forcibly removed from Boer areas and also placed in concentration camps.

Africans were held separately from Boer internees. Eventually there were a total of 64 tented camps for Africans. Conditions were as bad as in the camps for the Boers, but even though, after the Fawcett Commission report, conditions improved in the Boer camps, "improvements were much slower in coming to the black camps."

[pieter]

Typical Boers (Afrikaner) wagons


Boers were known for their horsemanship


Philip Pienaar, With Steyn and De Wet. Methuen & Co., London, 1902.






Ox Wagons of the Boers


Blood River Heritage Site: Ox wagon monument