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Post by karl on Sept 17, 2017 16:52:00 GMT -7
The following is a personal favourite regarding Tanks {Panzer} and land forces. In this case, Polish for our Polish friends here on the forum. Our known world is in constant change, and with this, the Polish military is no exception with their up grading and investment in new military hardware and machines.
Poland: First Line of European Defense.
Presenter
Karl
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Post by pieter on Sept 18, 2017 14:26:48 GMT -7
JW GROM[1] (full name: Jednostka Wojskowa GROM im. Cichociemnych Spadochroniarzy Armii Krajowej,[2] English: "Military Unit GROM named in honour of the Silent Unseen of the Home Army") is Poland's elite counter-terrorism unit.
The unit's other name is Jednostka Wojskowa 2305 (Military Unit 2305). GROM was originally modelled on NATO's most reputable special operations units such as the US Army's Delta Force, the US Navy's SEAL Team Six (DEVGRU) and the British Army's SAS.
GROM, which stands for Grupa Reagowania Operacyjno-Manewrowego (English: Group (for) Operational Maneuvering Response), which also means "thunder", is one of the five special operation forces units of the Polish Armed Forces. It was officially activated on July 13, 1990.[3][4] It is deployed in a variety of special operations and unconventional warfare roles, including anti-terrorist operations and projection of force behind enemy lines.
The unit was named after the Silent Unseen (Polish: Cichociemni Spadochroniarze Armii Krajowej) - Poland's elite World War II special-operations unit.[5]
In the 1970s and 1980s, there were several formations of special forces units within Poland, but these were either trained in purely military tasks (sabotage, disruption of communications and such) or in purely counter-terrorist roles. After the Polish embassy in Bern was taken over by a group of four Polish emigrants calling themselves Polish Revolutionary Home Army in 1982, General Edwin Rozłubirski proposed that a clandestine military unit be established to counter the threat from terrorism and other unconventional threats. This proposal, however, was initially rejected by the People's Army of Poland.
In 1989, many Jews were allowed to emigrate from the Soviet Union to Israel. Poland was one of the handful of countries that provided aid in the form of organization for the operation, later dubbed Operation Bridge (Operacja Most). After two Polish diplomats were shot in Beirut, Lt. Col. Sławomir Petelicki was sent to Lebanon to secure the transfer of civilians and the Polish diplomatic outposts.
Upon his return to Poland, he presented his plan for the creation of a special military unit to the Ministry of Interior, a force that would be trained in special operations to be deployed in the defense of Polish citizens in situations similar to the one in Lebanon. Petelicki's ideas were well received, and on June 13, 1990,[3][4] GROM was formally established as JW 2305.
Sławomir Petelicki was chosen as the first commander of the newly formed unit. As a Polish intelligence officer from Służba Bezpieczeństwa specializing in sabotage and subversion, he seemed perfectly suited to oversee the unit's initial formation. He gathered around himself a group of like-minded and professional soldiers, functionaries and set about choosing soldiers that would be fit for special operations. Due to the high risks involved in special service, it was decided that all men should be from professional service. The first batch of recruits all came from a variety of already-existing special units within the Polish Armed Forces. Among these were:
1 Batalion Szturmowy from Lubliniec (then known as 1 Pulk Specjalny Komandosów and now known as JW Komandosów)
48, 56 and 62 Kompania Specjalna
6 Brygada Desantowo-Szturmowa
Polish Navy divers
Anti-terrorist units of the Policja
Mechanised Warfare Officer School in Wrocław
Reconnaissance units of PAF
Out of the possible recruits, only a small group passed the training. Many of these initial instructors were trained by the Special Forces of the United States and the United Kingdom. Currently, Jednostka Wojskowa GROM is co-operating with similar units of other NATO countries.
During its formative first few years, JW 2305 remained completely secret and hidden from the public. It was first reported to the press in 1992 and became known to the public in 1994, after their first major military operation in Haiti.
Before October 1, 1999, JW 2305 was subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, after which time command was transferred to the Minister of National Defence, until 2007. Since 2007 JW GROM is under the command of Dowódca Wojsk Specjalnych (Commander of Polish Special Forces).
Candidates applying to serve in JW GROM have to pass psychological and durability tests, along with the so-called truth test, a physically and psychologically exhausting field test designed to filter out the weaker applicants. GROM soldiers train with the best special operation units in the world.
The training of GROM soldiers includes a variety of disciplines. All of them undergo the same specialized training in anti-terrorism and special operations, as well as frogman, sniping, and parachuting. In four-man teams, each soldier must be prepared to assume the respective responsibilities of his colleagues, should it become necessary. JW GROM receives basic special operations training from the Swedish Navy's Special Command for Tactical Operations based in Karlskrona, Sweden's primary Naval Base. Approximately 75% of GROM personnel are trained as medics or paramedics. In addition, each group is supported by several professional physicians. GROM soldiers are trained in the capture or kill methods.
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Post by pieter on Sept 18, 2017 14:28:55 GMT -7
Polish Special Forces Structure- Dowództwo Wojsk Specjalnych (Special Troops Command) based in Kraków - Jednostka Wojskowa Agat based in Gliwice - Jednostka Wojskowa Formoza based in Gdynia - Jednostka Wojskowa Grom based in Warszawa & Gdańsk - Tier 1 unit - Jednostka Wojskowa Komandosów based in Lubliniec - Jednostka Wojskowa Nil based in Kraków - 7 Eskadra Działań Specjalnych based in Powidz; only operational command
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Post by pieter on Sept 18, 2017 14:32:18 GMT -7
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Post by pieter on Sept 18, 2017 14:42:55 GMT -7
The PT-91 Twardy (hard) is an improved variant of the Soviet T-72 main battle tank. The PT-91 was developed in Poland in the early 1990s. Production of the PT-91 Twardy tanks for the Polish Army were completed in 2002. A total of 233 tanks were delivered. Currently Polish Army also operates 120 older T-72M1 tanks (plus 470 in storage) and a number of ex-German Leopard 2A4 and Leopard 2A5 tanks. The older Leopard 2A4 tanks are planed to be upgraded to Leopard 2PL standard.
In 2002 Germany donated to Poland a number of Leopard 2A4 tanks from the German Army stocks. Some former units equipped with Twardy, are now equipped with the Leopard 2A4 and 2A5 tanks. In turn units formerly equipped with the T-72M1 tanks are now equipped with the Twardy. It is planned that PT-91 Twardy tanks will be operational until 2030.
Twardy's protection is enhanced by utilizing indigenously developed ERAWA explosive reactive armor blocks. There is a total of 394 ERAWA blocks covering front of the hull and the turret. These blocks are placed virtually without gaps to each other. It is worth mentioning that explosive reactive armor blocks on the Soviet of the Cold War era usually have 15 mm gaps or even more, thus reducing overall protection. Tests shown that ERAWA blocks improve tank's protection by 30-70% depending on the ammunition type used. However armor of the PT-91 can not withstand modern Western 120 mm tank gun ammunition fired from 2 000 m range.
The PT-91 Twardy is armed with a 125 mm main gun, which is similar to that, used on the T-72. The gun is fitted with an autoloader. The PT-91 Twardy has new gun stabilization system and new fire control system. Other systems and sights have also been improved.
Secondary armament consists of coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and roof mounted 12.7 mm machine gun.
Vehicle has a crew of three, including commander, gunner and driver.
The PT-91 has more powerful engine, comparing with the T-72. It is fitted with the S-12U diesel engine, developing 850 horsepower. There was also developed a S-1000 turbocharged diesel engine, developing 1 000 horsepower.
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Post by Jaga on Sept 19, 2017 3:37:55 GMT -7
Karl, Pieter
tanks still have more use in Europe compared to America. Poland was never built on tanks, we either saw German tanks rolling into Poland (together with good Luftwaffe) or Soviets and Poles from Soviet Union on their tanks.
Referring to the show of force, Pres. Trump wants to make a great parade and show of force on July 4 in the US. Now, it is ALL ABOUT APPEARANCE
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Post by karl on Sept 19, 2017 12:59:08 GMT -7
Karl, Pieter tanks still have more use in Europe compared to America. Poland was never built on tanks, we either saw German tanks rolling into Poland (together with good Luftwaffe) or Soviets and Poles from Soviet Union on their tanks. Referring to the show of force, Pres. Trump wants to make a great parade and show of force on July 4 in the US. Now, it is ALL ABOUT APPEARANCE Jaga Thank you for your interest in reply. Yes, it so appears as you have pointed out of Mr. Trump {Pres. I should say}, it is as to him to parade and make a show as this seems to be his nature. But to us, this is an intended distraction to divert from his true intentions. For with all his bluster,, he is a very devious nature and one needs be careful with him. Karl |
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