Post by pieter on Jun 12, 2024 18:45:14 GMT -7
Nationalist anti-European parties gaining ground in Europe
![https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1160,height=774,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/06/GettyImages-1243823717-scaled.jpg](https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1160,height=774,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/06/GettyImages-1243823717-scaled.jpg)
June 6 2024. The far-right Alternative for Germany party is seen as vying a second place with the Scholz’s Social Democratic Party. | Omer Messinger/Getty Images
In the endless Dutch rightwing coalition government talks and negotiations finanaly the new administration is getting shape. In the meanwhile in other surrounding and more far away countries the Rightwing populists and National Conservatives are gaining ground as well. In France the Far right Rassemblement National (National Assembly, the former Front National) of Marine le Pen might win the next National elections in a few weeks. The French nationalist and Right-wing populist party of Le Pen is very popular in France.
![https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/ad318c0f74b895f60006242afe62525794860e8a/267_365_2005_1203/master/2005.jpg?width=1200&height=1200&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&s=8619dcbb647ddd9f8f024ff3ac454a5b](https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/ad318c0f74b895f60006242afe62525794860e8a/267_365_2005_1203/master/2005.jpg?width=1200&height=1200&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&s=8619dcbb647ddd9f8f024ff3ac454a5b)
Marine le Pen, the leader of the French Far Right Rassemblement National party
An early legislative election is expected to be held in France in two rounds on 30 June and 7 July 2024, to elect the 577 members of the 17th National Assembly of the Fifth French Republic. This follows President Emmanuel Macron's decision to call a snap legislative election after the results of the 2024 European Parliament election were announced in which his L'Europe Ensemble suffered a heavy defeat to the far-right National Rally.
In Germany on 9 June 2024, the far right German nationalist, National Conservative Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) a political party with Ultra-conservatives, Nationalists and Neo-Nazi's) won 16% of the vote in the European Parliament elections, second only to the German Christian Democrats (CDU/CSU) and almost five percentage points more than in the 2019 election. One of the party's leaders, Tino Chrupalla, hailed the results as "historic." In an attempt to rejoin the ID (Identity and Democracy) group, the Alternative für Deutschland replaced its controversial candidate Maximilian Krah with René Aust as head of the Alternative für Deutschland delegation in the European Parliament.
![https://image.parool.nl/244644420/width/1280/blijdschap-bij-de-radicaal-rechtse-alternative-fuer-deutschland](https://image.parool.nl/244644420/width/1280/blijdschap-bij-de-radicaal-rechtse-alternative-fuer-deutschland)
Joy at the radical right Alternative for Germany on Sunday evening in Berlin. The party finished second in Germany. On the Right you see Tino Chrupalla, chairman of Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), also Bundestag (German parliament) member, second from right you see Alice Weidel, leader of the Alternative für Deutschland parliamentary group in the Bundestag and co-chairwoman of the far-right Alternative für Deutschland (AfD). Image ANP / EPA
Alternative für Deutschland's ideology has been characterised by German nationalism, Völkisch nationalism and national conservatism, with policy focus on anti-Islam, anti-immigration, welfare chauvinism and Euroscepticism. The Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) is so extreme right that the French Rightwing Populist Marine le Pen of Rassemblement National, refuses to cooperate with the AfD in bilateral French/German Rassemblement National/AfD party relations, and keeps her distance to the AfD in her European party group in the European Parliament; the Identity and Democracy Party (French: Parti Identité et Démocratie; Italian: Partito Identità e Democrazia; German: Identität und Demokratie Partei), in the European Parliament.
Völkisch nationalism
Völkisch nationalism (German: Völkischer Nationalismus, lit. 'Folkist nationalism') is a German ultranationalist, ethno-nationalist and racial nationalist ideology. It assumes the essentialist design as Völker (lit. "peoples") or Volksgruppen (lit. "ethnic groups"), which are described as closed ethnic-biological and ethnic-cultural units within a hierarchy of such populations. Völkisch nationalism influenced Japanese minzoku nationalism.
![https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/3/230053_teaser_3x2_800.jpg?7CF0B](https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/3/230053_teaser_3x2_800.jpg?7CF0B)
Excerpt from an election poster of the Völkisch-National Bloc for the second Reichstag election in 1924. (© John Graudenz)
At times, Völkisch nationalism was a broad and predominant ideological view in Central Europe, represented in numerous nationalist, explicitly antisemitic and other racist associations of all kinds with many publications and well-known personalities. In some places today, such as Germany, Völkisch nationalism takes the form of ethnopluralism.
Ethnopluralism or ethno-pluralism, also known as ethno-differentialism, is a far-right political model which attempts to preserve separate and bordered ethno-cultural regions. According to its promoters, significant foreign cultural elements in a given region ought to be culturally assimilated to seek cultural homogenization in this territory, in order to let different cultures thrive in their respective geographical areas. Advocates also emphasize a "right to difference" (French: droit à la difference) and claim support for cultural diversity at a worldwide rather than at a national level.
Proponents describe ethnopluralism as an alternative to multiculturalism and globalization.
Content
Völkisch nationalism means the rise of their own Volks defined by common descent, culture and language, and the desire for a homogeneous population by excluding foreigners. The people become a collective subject. It forms a hierarchical value of the Völker.
German social scientist Helmut Kellershohn calls seven core elements of a Völkisch nationalism:
1) - The equality of "Volk" or "nation". the idea of a homogeneous "nation" according to racist criteria.
2) - the rise of the "Volk" to a collective subject in the sense of ethnic groups and the subordination of specific interests under the primacy of the "Volksgemeinschaft".
3) - The justification of a "strong state" that organizes the Volksgemeinschaft through "national" elites and/or charismatic leadership.
4) - the heroization of the "decent Volksgenosse" who puts himself in the service of his community with body and soul and brings for these sacrifices.
5) - the Völkisch (lit. "national") or racist construction of an "internal (state) enemy" responsible for setbacks in the realization of the Volksgemeinschaft and has an identity-building and consensus-building function as a negative projection area for the Volksgemeinschaft.
6) - A biopolitical understanding of the Volkskörper (lit. "national body") that wants to keep or make it healthy and strong through population policy.
7) - A chauvinistic idea of power.
![https://foreignpolicy.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/GettyImages-962923180.jpg?w=800?quality=80](https://foreignpolicy.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/GettyImages-962923180.jpg?w=800?quality=80)
Neo-Nazi's in Germany today
History
Towards the end of the 19th century, the movement gained influence over the political and cultural debate in Central Europe. Its historical significance was found in its own nationalism, especially in the German Reich. German Protestantism is considered to be its social support and its "necessary ideal condition". From an ideological perspective, the "bourgeois-Protestant mentality" has become increasingly German-Völkisch since the Reichsgründung (lit. "Establishment of the Reich"). A nationally charged Protestantism of the Reich thus led to the Nazi concept of the German Christians.
The Völkisch movement, to which the German national associations and the NSDAP (the German Nazi party of Adolf Hitler) belonged – whose party organ was the Völkischer Beobachter – rejected the Weimar Constitution and represented Völkische Gemeinschaftlichkeitskonzepte (lit. "ethnic [German] concepts of community"). The biological and cultural homogeneity of the "Volks" as a "Abstammungsgemeinschaft" (lit. "community of descent") and the "exclusion or destruction of the heterogeneous" were invoked. Völkische (lit. "nation", "ethnic") concepts such as "Volkstum", "Lebensraum" and above all "Volksgemeinschaft" were widespread in large parts of the German population and especially within the "Fatherland Camp", thus an integral part of the Nazi programming.
From the postwar era to today, Völkisch nationalism is rejected by the mainstream German political circles. But with the rise of right-wing populism since the 2010s, these political movements have grown somewhat again in Germany; Der Flügel (2015–2020) was the name of the Völkisch nationalist and right-wing extremist group within the Alternative for Germany ( Alternative für Deutschland ).
In the German/Austrian Nazism the praxis of Völkisch nationalism had a strong racial Germanism element (Germanic people as a 'Superior Folk'), and an antisemitic, anti-Sinti and Roma, anti-Slavic, Polonophobic (Anti-Polish sentiment/anti-Polonist), anti-Black, anti-Asian (except the japanese allies) and lead to the mass murder (extermination) of millions of Jews, Sinti, Roma, Slavic Poles, Slavic Russians, Slavic Serbs, Slavic Belarussians and other Slavic peoples. Slavic people (Poles, Czechs, Russians, Slovaks) with some sympathy or understanding for the German nationalist, Völkisch nationalist and Ultra Nationalist Alternative für Deutschland will have to look at the history of Völkisch nationalism before joining the Alternative für Deutschland in their political struggle. The Alternative für Deutschland includes strong far-right groups with an anti-Polish (Polonophobe) history, such as the NPD (today the 'Die Heimat' party), German Neo-Nazi Freie Kameradschaften, the Neo-Nazi Heimattreue Deutsche Jugend (Wiking-Jugend) and the far-right faction within Germany's Alternative for Germany, Der Flügel (lit. 'the wing'). These Völkisch nationalist elements, groups and wings within the Alternative für Deutschland are very close to the historical Sturmabteilung (SA; literally "Storm Division" or Storm Troopers) the original paramilitary wing of Brownshirts (Braunhemden) the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Adolf Hitler.
![https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_147-0503%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Horst_Wessel_mit_SA-Sturm.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_147-0503%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Horst_Wessel_mit_SA-Sturm.jpg)
The SA unit in Nuremberg, 1929, he second-largest city in the German state of Bavaria, in Southern Germany.
Back to today, 2024
![https://img.welt.de/img/politik/deutschland/mobile246039584/4452501907-ci102l-w1024/DWO-Teaser-AP-Extremisten-jb-2-jpg.jpg](https://img.welt.de/img/politik/deutschland/mobile246039584/4452501907-ci102l-w1024/DWO-Teaser-AP-Extremisten-jb-2-jpg.jpg)
Above, left in the photo Tino Chrupalla, chairman of Alternative for Germany, also Bundestag (German parliament) member, right; Viktor Orban,
Prime Minister of Hungary. Downstairs; Left; Alice Weidel, leader of the AfD parliamentary group in the Bundestag and co-chairwoman of the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD); Right; Marine le Pen, currently parliamentary party leader of the far right Fench National Rally (party) in the French Assembly, a position she has held since June 2022.
Le Pen, Meloni, Weidel: All three women are right-wing - but the German is embarrassing for the others. AfD leader Alice Weidel is too Far Right!
![https://image.stern.de/34505264/t/l5/v6/w1440/r0/-/weidel-aufmacher.jpg](https://image.stern.de/34505264/t/l5/v6/w1440/r0/-/weidel-aufmacher.jpg)
Italy's Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, AfD leader Alice Weidel and Marine Le Pen from the French Rassemblement National (from left to right)
Member parties of Identity and Democracy Party are;
France - Rassemblement National
Germany - Alternative für Deutschland
Italy - Lega (Matteo Salvini)
The Netherlands - PVV (Freedom Party - Geert Wilders)
Austria - Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ - Herbert Kickl)
Belgium - Flemish Interest (Vlaams Belang (VB) - Tom van Grieken - see video Geert Wilders at VB really supporting Tom van Grieken in Belgium below)
Portugal - Enough! (Chega (CH) - André Ventura
Czech Republic - The Far right, Neo-Fascist, Czech Nationalist and Rightwing Populist 'Freedom and Direct Democracy' (Svoboda a přímá demokracie (SPD)) of Tomio Okamura, Radim Fiala, Ivan David Radek Rozvoral and Radovan Vích
Slovakia - The Far Right/Extreme right, Ultra Nationalist, Russophile (Pro-Moscow/Pro-Putin), Eurosceptic (anti-EU) 'Slovak National Party' (Slovenská národná strana (SNS))
Estonia - The Rightwing Populist Ultranationalist, Estonian nationalist, National conservative 'Conservative People's Party of Estonia' (Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond (EKRE))
![https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/20210924_Con_SAC_en_Lisboa_%2851522178277%29.jpg/1920px-20210924_Con_SAC_en_Lisboa_%2851522178277%29.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/20210924_Con_SAC_en_Lisboa_%2851522178277%29.jpg/1920px-20210924_Con_SAC_en_Lisboa_%2851522178277%29.jpg)
Spanish Vox’s Santiago Abascal and Chega leader André Ventura in Lisbon, 2021
Pieter
![https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1160,height=774,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/06/GettyImages-1243823717-scaled.jpg](https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1160,height=774,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/06/GettyImages-1243823717-scaled.jpg)
June 6 2024. The far-right Alternative for Germany party is seen as vying a second place with the Scholz’s Social Democratic Party. | Omer Messinger/Getty Images
In the endless Dutch rightwing coalition government talks and negotiations finanaly the new administration is getting shape. In the meanwhile in other surrounding and more far away countries the Rightwing populists and National Conservatives are gaining ground as well. In France the Far right Rassemblement National (National Assembly, the former Front National) of Marine le Pen might win the next National elections in a few weeks. The French nationalist and Right-wing populist party of Le Pen is very popular in France.
![https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/ad318c0f74b895f60006242afe62525794860e8a/267_365_2005_1203/master/2005.jpg?width=1200&height=1200&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&s=8619dcbb647ddd9f8f024ff3ac454a5b](https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/ad318c0f74b895f60006242afe62525794860e8a/267_365_2005_1203/master/2005.jpg?width=1200&height=1200&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&s=8619dcbb647ddd9f8f024ff3ac454a5b)
Marine le Pen, the leader of the French Far Right Rassemblement National party
An early legislative election is expected to be held in France in two rounds on 30 June and 7 July 2024, to elect the 577 members of the 17th National Assembly of the Fifth French Republic. This follows President Emmanuel Macron's decision to call a snap legislative election after the results of the 2024 European Parliament election were announced in which his L'Europe Ensemble suffered a heavy defeat to the far-right National Rally.
In Germany on 9 June 2024, the far right German nationalist, National Conservative Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) a political party with Ultra-conservatives, Nationalists and Neo-Nazi's) won 16% of the vote in the European Parliament elections, second only to the German Christian Democrats (CDU/CSU) and almost five percentage points more than in the 2019 election. One of the party's leaders, Tino Chrupalla, hailed the results as "historic." In an attempt to rejoin the ID (Identity and Democracy) group, the Alternative für Deutschland replaced its controversial candidate Maximilian Krah with René Aust as head of the Alternative für Deutschland delegation in the European Parliament.
Joy at the radical right Alternative for Germany on Sunday evening in Berlin. The party finished second in Germany. On the Right you see Tino Chrupalla, chairman of Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), also Bundestag (German parliament) member, second from right you see Alice Weidel, leader of the Alternative für Deutschland parliamentary group in the Bundestag and co-chairwoman of the far-right Alternative für Deutschland (AfD). Image ANP / EPA
Alternative für Deutschland's ideology has been characterised by German nationalism, Völkisch nationalism and national conservatism, with policy focus on anti-Islam, anti-immigration, welfare chauvinism and Euroscepticism. The Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) is so extreme right that the French Rightwing Populist Marine le Pen of Rassemblement National, refuses to cooperate with the AfD in bilateral French/German Rassemblement National/AfD party relations, and keeps her distance to the AfD in her European party group in the European Parliament; the Identity and Democracy Party (French: Parti Identité et Démocratie; Italian: Partito Identità e Democrazia; German: Identität und Demokratie Partei), in the European Parliament.
Völkisch nationalism
Völkisch nationalism (German: Völkischer Nationalismus, lit. 'Folkist nationalism') is a German ultranationalist, ethno-nationalist and racial nationalist ideology. It assumes the essentialist design as Völker (lit. "peoples") or Volksgruppen (lit. "ethnic groups"), which are described as closed ethnic-biological and ethnic-cultural units within a hierarchy of such populations. Völkisch nationalism influenced Japanese minzoku nationalism.
![https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/3/230053_teaser_3x2_800.jpg?7CF0B](https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/3/230053_teaser_3x2_800.jpg?7CF0B)
Excerpt from an election poster of the Völkisch-National Bloc for the second Reichstag election in 1924. (© John Graudenz)
At times, Völkisch nationalism was a broad and predominant ideological view in Central Europe, represented in numerous nationalist, explicitly antisemitic and other racist associations of all kinds with many publications and well-known personalities. In some places today, such as Germany, Völkisch nationalism takes the form of ethnopluralism.
Ethnopluralism or ethno-pluralism, also known as ethno-differentialism, is a far-right political model which attempts to preserve separate and bordered ethno-cultural regions. According to its promoters, significant foreign cultural elements in a given region ought to be culturally assimilated to seek cultural homogenization in this territory, in order to let different cultures thrive in their respective geographical areas. Advocates also emphasize a "right to difference" (French: droit à la difference) and claim support for cultural diversity at a worldwide rather than at a national level.
Proponents describe ethnopluralism as an alternative to multiculturalism and globalization.
Content
Völkisch nationalism means the rise of their own Volks defined by common descent, culture and language, and the desire for a homogeneous population by excluding foreigners. The people become a collective subject. It forms a hierarchical value of the Völker.
German social scientist Helmut Kellershohn calls seven core elements of a Völkisch nationalism:
1) - The equality of "Volk" or "nation". the idea of a homogeneous "nation" according to racist criteria.
2) - the rise of the "Volk" to a collective subject in the sense of ethnic groups and the subordination of specific interests under the primacy of the "Volksgemeinschaft".
3) - The justification of a "strong state" that organizes the Volksgemeinschaft through "national" elites and/or charismatic leadership.
4) - the heroization of the "decent Volksgenosse" who puts himself in the service of his community with body and soul and brings for these sacrifices.
5) - the Völkisch (lit. "national") or racist construction of an "internal (state) enemy" responsible for setbacks in the realization of the Volksgemeinschaft and has an identity-building and consensus-building function as a negative projection area for the Volksgemeinschaft.
6) - A biopolitical understanding of the Volkskörper (lit. "national body") that wants to keep or make it healthy and strong through population policy.
7) - A chauvinistic idea of power.
![https://foreignpolicy.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/GettyImages-962923180.jpg?w=800?quality=80](https://foreignpolicy.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/GettyImages-962923180.jpg?w=800?quality=80)
Neo-Nazi's in Germany today
History
Towards the end of the 19th century, the movement gained influence over the political and cultural debate in Central Europe. Its historical significance was found in its own nationalism, especially in the German Reich. German Protestantism is considered to be its social support and its "necessary ideal condition". From an ideological perspective, the "bourgeois-Protestant mentality" has become increasingly German-Völkisch since the Reichsgründung (lit. "Establishment of the Reich"). A nationally charged Protestantism of the Reich thus led to the Nazi concept of the German Christians.
The Völkisch movement, to which the German national associations and the NSDAP (the German Nazi party of Adolf Hitler) belonged – whose party organ was the Völkischer Beobachter – rejected the Weimar Constitution and represented Völkische Gemeinschaftlichkeitskonzepte (lit. "ethnic [German] concepts of community"). The biological and cultural homogeneity of the "Volks" as a "Abstammungsgemeinschaft" (lit. "community of descent") and the "exclusion or destruction of the heterogeneous" were invoked. Völkische (lit. "nation", "ethnic") concepts such as "Volkstum", "Lebensraum" and above all "Volksgemeinschaft" were widespread in large parts of the German population and especially within the "Fatherland Camp", thus an integral part of the Nazi programming.
From the postwar era to today, Völkisch nationalism is rejected by the mainstream German political circles. But with the rise of right-wing populism since the 2010s, these political movements have grown somewhat again in Germany; Der Flügel (2015–2020) was the name of the Völkisch nationalist and right-wing extremist group within the Alternative for Germany ( Alternative für Deutschland ).
In the German/Austrian Nazism the praxis of Völkisch nationalism had a strong racial Germanism element (Germanic people as a 'Superior Folk'), and an antisemitic, anti-Sinti and Roma, anti-Slavic, Polonophobic (Anti-Polish sentiment/anti-Polonist), anti-Black, anti-Asian (except the japanese allies) and lead to the mass murder (extermination) of millions of Jews, Sinti, Roma, Slavic Poles, Slavic Russians, Slavic Serbs, Slavic Belarussians and other Slavic peoples. Slavic people (Poles, Czechs, Russians, Slovaks) with some sympathy or understanding for the German nationalist, Völkisch nationalist and Ultra Nationalist Alternative für Deutschland will have to look at the history of Völkisch nationalism before joining the Alternative für Deutschland in their political struggle. The Alternative für Deutschland includes strong far-right groups with an anti-Polish (Polonophobe) history, such as the NPD (today the 'Die Heimat' party), German Neo-Nazi Freie Kameradschaften, the Neo-Nazi Heimattreue Deutsche Jugend (Wiking-Jugend) and the far-right faction within Germany's Alternative for Germany, Der Flügel (lit. 'the wing'). These Völkisch nationalist elements, groups and wings within the Alternative für Deutschland are very close to the historical Sturmabteilung (SA; literally "Storm Division" or Storm Troopers) the original paramilitary wing of Brownshirts (Braunhemden) the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Adolf Hitler.
![https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_147-0503%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Horst_Wessel_mit_SA-Sturm.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_147-0503%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Horst_Wessel_mit_SA-Sturm.jpg)
The SA unit in Nuremberg, 1929, he second-largest city in the German state of Bavaria, in Southern Germany.
Back to today, 2024
![https://img.welt.de/img/politik/deutschland/mobile246039584/4452501907-ci102l-w1024/DWO-Teaser-AP-Extremisten-jb-2-jpg.jpg](https://img.welt.de/img/politik/deutschland/mobile246039584/4452501907-ci102l-w1024/DWO-Teaser-AP-Extremisten-jb-2-jpg.jpg)
Above, left in the photo Tino Chrupalla, chairman of Alternative for Germany, also Bundestag (German parliament) member, right; Viktor Orban,
Prime Minister of Hungary. Downstairs; Left; Alice Weidel, leader of the AfD parliamentary group in the Bundestag and co-chairwoman of the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD); Right; Marine le Pen, currently parliamentary party leader of the far right Fench National Rally (party) in the French Assembly, a position she has held since June 2022.
Le Pen, Meloni, Weidel: All three women are right-wing - but the German is embarrassing for the others. AfD leader Alice Weidel is too Far Right!
![https://image.stern.de/34505264/t/l5/v6/w1440/r0/-/weidel-aufmacher.jpg](https://image.stern.de/34505264/t/l5/v6/w1440/r0/-/weidel-aufmacher.jpg)
Italy's Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, AfD leader Alice Weidel and Marine Le Pen from the French Rassemblement National (from left to right)
Member parties of Identity and Democracy Party are;
France - Rassemblement National
Germany - Alternative für Deutschland
Italy - Lega (Matteo Salvini)
The Netherlands - PVV (Freedom Party - Geert Wilders)
Austria - Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ - Herbert Kickl)
Belgium - Flemish Interest (Vlaams Belang (VB) - Tom van Grieken - see video Geert Wilders at VB really supporting Tom van Grieken in Belgium below)
Portugal - Enough! (Chega (CH) - André Ventura
Czech Republic - The Far right, Neo-Fascist, Czech Nationalist and Rightwing Populist 'Freedom and Direct Democracy' (Svoboda a přímá demokracie (SPD)) of Tomio Okamura, Radim Fiala, Ivan David Radek Rozvoral and Radovan Vích
Slovakia - The Far Right/Extreme right, Ultra Nationalist, Russophile (Pro-Moscow/Pro-Putin), Eurosceptic (anti-EU) 'Slovak National Party' (Slovenská národná strana (SNS))
Estonia - The Rightwing Populist Ultranationalist, Estonian nationalist, National conservative 'Conservative People's Party of Estonia' (Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond (EKRE))
![https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/20210924_Con_SAC_en_Lisboa_%2851522178277%29.jpg/1920px-20210924_Con_SAC_en_Lisboa_%2851522178277%29.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/20210924_Con_SAC_en_Lisboa_%2851522178277%29.jpg/1920px-20210924_Con_SAC_en_Lisboa_%2851522178277%29.jpg)
Spanish Vox’s Santiago Abascal and Chega leader André Ventura in Lisbon, 2021
Pieter