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Post by Jaga on Dec 6, 2020 20:42:18 GMT -7
Here is a nice review of castles in Poland. Some of these castles were build by Teutonic knights or aristocrats from Germany. We knew about Malbork but we did not know about some other castles build by Germany aristocracy like Schloss Fürstenstein. Maybe Karl can tell us more about it. Here is some overview: www.thecrazytourist.com/15-best-castles-in-poland/ |
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Post by karl on Dec 7, 2020 14:35:18 GMT -7
Jaga
The Schloss Fürstenstein for some reason I was not familiar with, for then to research a bit to locate it and then was surprised at the history of this landmark. For first to believe it was located as German, then to understand it as Polish.
The following historic information was gained through Wikipedia. Once to read through, I was most surprised at the history of this structure and related historic value of it, if it could only speak, what a story it must have to tell.
History
A first fortification at the site was destroyed by the Bohemian forces of King Ottokar II in 1263. The Silesian duke Bolko I the Strict (d. 1301), ruler in Świdnica and Jawor, had a new castle built from 1288 to 1292 and took his residence here, adding Lord of Książ to his titles. The burgraviate included the neighbouring settlements of Świebodzice, Szczawno, and Pełcznica. When the last Świdnica duke Bolko II the Small died in 1368 without children, the castle's estates passed to the Luxembourg king Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia, the son of Bolko's niece Anne, while his widow Agnes of Habsburg reserved the usufruct for herself. After her death in the year 1392, King Wenceslaus, also King of the Romans since 1376, seized the Duchy of Świdnica and obtained Książ Castle.
As Agnes, contrary to her limited real rights, had sold the Książ estates, the castle passed through many hands. In 1401 it was obtained by the Bohemian noble Janko of Chotěmice (d. after 1442), who later rose to a governor of the Świdnica-Jawor lands. During the Hussite Wars, the castle was captured by the insurgents and occupied in 1428-1429. After Janko's death, the Bohemian king George of Poděbrady acquired Książ from his descendants and transferred the administration to the Moravian general Birka of Nasiedle. In 1466 Hans von Schellendorf obtained the castle from the Bohemian Crown. It was renamed Fürstenstein.
The second castle complex was devastated in 1482 by Georg von Stein, a military commander in the service of the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus while his forces campaigned in Silesia. Stein granted Frederick von Hohberg the estates, his descendant Konrad I von Hohberg obtaining the castle hill in 1509. The von Hohberg family were elevated to the rank of Freiherren (Baron) in 1650, Graf (Count) in 1666, and Imperial counts (Reichsgrafen) in 1683, and owned the castle until 1944.
From the mid 16th century onwards, the premises were rebuilt in a lavish Renaissance style.
Schloss Fürstenstein in the 1920s
During World War II, the castle was seized by the Nazi regime in 1944 after Count Hans Heinrich XVII of Hochberg, Prince of Pless, had moved to England in 1932 and became a British citizen; moreover, his brother Count Alexander of Hochberg, also a Polish citizen and owner of Pszczyna Castle, had joined the Polish army in 1939. Supervised by SS and Organisation Todt personnel, the building complex at Fürstenstein became part of the vast underground Project Riese complex, presumably a projected Führer Headquarter and a future abode for Adolf Hitler.[1][2] Construction works were carried out under inhumane conditions by forced labourers and inmates of Gross-Rosen concentration camp. The castle was subsequently occupied by Red Army forces in the wake of the Vistula–Oder Offensive in 1945. A memorial marks the site of the Fürstenstein subcamp. Parts of the historic building structure were demolished during reconstruction; numerous artefacts were stolen or destroyed during the Soviet occupation.
After the war the castle complex was used as a recreation home and cultural centre by the communist authorities. In recent years, large parts of the interior have been elaborately restored. Parts of the tunnel complex beneath the castle are currently used by the Polish Academy of Sciences for gravimeter measuring, while several tunnels are accessible to the public on guided tours.
Karl
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Post by Jaga on Dec 8, 2020 22:21:54 GMT -7
Karl, I noticed some time ago that if the monument from different culture/state was built and now it is owned by a different state - it is not known as much as if it was of their own origin. But the history of Schloss Fürstenstein is fascinating, except its Nazi influence. It is interesting to hear the story of the Hochberg brothers!
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Post by karl on Dec 9, 2020 21:39:22 GMT -7
Karl, I noticed some time ago that if the monument from different culture/state was built and now it is owned by a different state - it is not known as much as if it was of their own origin. But the history of Schloss Fürstenstein is fascinating, except its Nazi influence. It is interesting to hear the story of the Hochberg brothers! Jaga It is so true when to think objectively what you have mentioned: What is not known if not of their own origin...For that rings the bell of truth. As you, my self did find very interesting the history of this Castle and of the Hochberg Brothers.. There are some impressions though I must say about those various fortresses of the reality of living in those stone structures is the living condition would not be very comfortable in the time they were built and used. For one, the winter cold and to think of stepping out of bed on such cold floors even though of sawed boards. Using fireplaces for heat would be ok close by, but the hall ways, and spaces far from the heated close by areas would be very cold. With this, no plumbing, hot water, and the tolet areas would be very stinky if the breeze should blow the wrong way... Karl |
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