Post by pieter on Aug 23, 2011 7:49:06 GMT -7
Most Advanced Jet Ever Requires New Breed of Pilot
Published August 16, 2011
An F-35 Lightning II flies over Destin, Fla., before landing at its new home at Eglin Air Force Base, Fla., July 14, 2011. Its pilot, Lt. Col. Eric Smith is the first Air Force qualified F-35 pilot and is assigned to the 58th Fighter Squadron.
Earlier this summer, the U.S. Air Force took delivery of the first production of Lockheed Martin's F-35 Lightning II -- the world’s most advanced multirole aircraft. It is the most expensive single U.S. military procurement project in history and is expected to replace a wide range of aircraft in the military’s inventory.
Designated AF-9, the newly delivered jet is a multi-role conventional takeoff and landing (CTOL) version of the futuristic fighter plane known as Joint Strike Fighter, which has been chosen by the air forces of Italy, the Netherlands, Turkey, Canada, Australia, Denmark and Norway.
Two other variants of the Joint Strike Fighter have been developed and are currently under testing: a short take off and vertical landing one, designated F-35B, and the F-35C carrier-based variant, selected for aircraft carrier operations by the U.S. Navy and the UK’s Royal Air Force. Israel will employ a customized version designated F-35I.
The F-35 Lightning II is a fifth generation fighter. It combines the high speed and agility of fast jet planes with modern technologies such as radar-evading fiber mat skins and gigabit data networking for net-centric warfare.
New breed of fighter pilots
The Joint Strike fighter aircraft is designed to improve a pilot’s situational awareness by and collecting and combining data from different onboard and offboard data sources into a single detailed view of the surrounding airspace and battlefield.
Like most modern advanced fighter planes, it contains a complex weapon system: pilots have to focus on information management, rather than worrying about “flying the aircraft.” For this reason, today’s fighter pilots are more like system administrators or information managers than the iconic Top Guns of the past.
“With previous generations fighters, flying the airplane required 80 percent of the pilot’s effort,” said one pilot of the Italian Air Force who has recently taken part to Unified Protector in Libya with the Eurofighter Typhoon, Europe’s most advanced fighter.
Eurofighter Typhoon
“With modern planes, the basic handling it’s quite simple and represents no more than 20 percent: they almost fly autonomously. On the other side, management of the huge amount of information that it provides can be overwhelming [and] is quite demanding,” this pilot told TechNewsDaily under condition of anonymity.
Lt.Col. Salvatore “Cheero” Ferrara, an Italian Air Force pilot assigned to the JSF program at Washington DC, had a slightly different take on the responsibilities of today’s pilots.
“I believe that the traits of future fighter pilots will be roughly the same as those of past pilots,” Ferrara said. “The only difference is that those skills will be used in a different way: instead of processing flight mechanics data – as I had to do with the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter – they will need to process and manage the huge amount of digital information concerning the management of both the mission and the electronic scenario.”
Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
Easier to fly than ever before
Some years ago, under the supervision of a Lockheed Martin test pilot, I had the opportunity to fly, hover and vertically land a F-35B jet in a military flight simulator. I was surprised to discover that the controls of the so-called Cockpit Demonstrator were not as alien or difficult to navigate as I expected. There was a big panoramic touch screen that can be configured at will by tapping the screen with fingers, like a tablet or a smartphone.
Menus were browsable using a cursor that could be moved using a small joystick located on the engine throttle, and radar symbology was straightforward and familiar to anyone who has ever played a flight simulator video game: the red triangles represented enemies, white ones were “unknown” aircraft and the green ones were friendly ones.
All of this sensor information is sent to the pilot’s helmet-mounted display system (HMDS), which combines it with images coming from a set of cameras mounted on the jet’s outer surfaces. As a result, it seemed as if I had X-ray vision: I could see in all directions, and through any surface, and all the information I needed to fly the plane and to cue weapons was projected onto my visor.
“The helmet connects the pilot to the airplane,” explained Jon Beesley, a former F-35 chief test pilot. “We’ve taken pieces that are essential for combat operations, such as targeting information, crucial flight measurements, and night vision capability, and merged them into the helmet to give the pilots more complete situational awareness.”
Features like the helmet-mounted display system made a difficult maneuver like a vertical landing at night relatively easy. With the Joint Strike Fighter, transitioning from conventional flight to the hovering is done via a switch. The aircraft autonomously directs the engine nozzles and reduces the speed to the predefined value. Once in vertical mode, the aircraft is extremely simple to fly: if you move the stick forward or backward the aircraft climbs or descends; with the rudder, you can point the aircraft nose wherever you want.
Even a novice can fly and land an F-35 with some precision and without major problems. Just like in a flight simulator game.
Precautionary grounding
Although easy to fly, the F-35 remains a brand new high-tech machine that requires constant monitoring and fine tuning. This point was driven home on Aug. 3rd, when the F-35 Joint Program Office issued a fleet wide precautionary suspension of flight operations following an incident involving a test aircraft at California’s Edwards Air Force Base.
An F-35 Lightning II lands at California’s Edwards Air Force Base during testing in 2008
The affected aircraft, designated AF-4, suffered an Integrated Power Package (IPP) failure during a ground maintenance engine run. The F-35’s IPP is a turbo-machine that generates power to start the engine and feed the aircraft’s cooling system, and is used as a back-up electrical system in case of failure of the aircraft’s two main generators. These kinds of problems can occur, especially during development stages, and the suspension was necessary to determine the root cause of the problem and make the planes safer.
