Life, Culture, and Legacy of Vikings

[pieter]

[karl]

Pieter

Hmm, Vikings,,,we as children played and dreamed as being vikings, but happy we were not.. It is comical of the Hollidwood versions they think vikings should be, and as explained in the video, they wore no horned helmets. It is interesting also of the lack of presented information on the manner the ships were built and reasons of manner of construction. Or, for that manner, the technic of building them in hidden forest places but a length of distance from water.

The Anglo Saxens were once settle in the land Island of Britian, to build their own kingdoms. Once done so, then it is to protection of what they in first, conqured, then to protect. And this was against the raiding from the sea army they called: The Heathen Army. This being those of Dansk/Norge/ and southern Sweden.

The coast of Britain was easy pickings for the various Christian Churches with their gold and silver ware infront of the alters. Easy to see, easy to steal, easy to take. With each, some people and priest would be captured to later be sold as slaves or to keep as house whole slaves for the holding family once upon returning home from the raiding. Also though, not all was viking raiding, but to farming and fishig to make the living by. The booty as gathered, would be then split with the crew with the family owner of the vessel to recieve the best share. For this share was important, for it would pay for the construction of the ship and what ever debts owed.

Upon the mast head, partly to frighten the opposition, was the banner of the Raven. This was most prominant upon Dansk ships and to some high ranking Chiefs. The reason of the Raven as being fearful, was the belife in the Gods such as Odin, and Odin was linked to ravens in Norse myths and beliefes. For Odin upon other works to him self, would recieve to him self, the fallen warriors at Valhalla.

For safety and protection from Saxen raiders, Dansk ships were built in the forest areas of what is now Germany and France. Usually, several hundred meters away from a river of good depth and width, a deep excavation was dug out several meters wider then the proposed ship. The ship would then be built using the surrounding trees {not of veiw from the river} by a skilled ship builder. Once the ship was completed, a channel was quickly dug out leading from the previous excavation holding the now completed vessel. The channel was then flooded with then the excavation to now allow water to fill. Then the ship was floated out to the river and outfitted as needed.

The viking ships were shallow draft, the vessel in operation, would allow the hull to flex in heavy seas with out breaking up as a modern vessel will do when over stressed.

The following is such an example of construction.

www.regia.org/Ships1.htm

www.hurstwic.org/history/articles/manufacturing/text/norse_ships.htm

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raven_banner

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Heathen_Army

The dragen banner of the Anglo Saxens for Britian was/is an emportant influence to todays Britain and remembrance of their origens.

whitedragonflagofengland.com/

Karl

[Nictoshek]

Always enjoyed visiting this ship:



Always enjoyed watching this movie too:

[karl]

Nictoe

Very intersting, the viking ship you have brought forward, thank you..Yes, the good ship viking, very famous She is a copy from the orignal found in an ancient dig some many years back, but fathfully reproduced as you see. Her mother was the: Gokstad

Upon times of discussion groups speak of the Vikings and how they navigated the waters with these ships, some do not believe how this was done so simply. Not always by dead reckening, but not always exact, but to expereince and use of some navigation instruments, high tech for the time, but crude in todays standards.

Then, as now, speed equals distance, divided by time. There were no clocks then, but, there was an abundance of spit or a wood chip to toss into the water at bow, to then observe the approximate time to pass the stirn. With this, many did have a sun compass which when used, would shown the correct latitude. But,the primary navigational tool, was the individuals sense of tast, hearing and knowledge of the sea animals with their sense of following sea currants in search of food {fish}. As exampled by the following url:

sciencenordic.com/how-vikings-navigated-world

ageofex.marinersmuseum.org/index.php?type=navigationtool&id=11

Many years past, also of my self to have seen the foriegn film: The Vikings..It was wonderful entertainment and fun. It would not be good to take it literially as true rendition of the vikings, but provides the a base picture of how the villeges were and the family owned ships. For those things were wildly expensive, and only the chieften would have the resources to have one built.

Thank you much for your contribution for a time in history long past, but not forgotten.

Karl

[pieter]

Kar,

Vikings inspired the imagination and fantasy of many European and American kids, due to the European heritage of so many Caucacian American kids. The story of the Vikings and images of Vikings were used in Comics, movies, youth literature, and gave name to many groups, brands and other things.



The name Vikings gives a name to a Hells Angels like motor club; the








The 5th. SS-Panzer-Division Wiking emblem

The 5th. SS-Panzer-Division Wiking was was made up of Nordic volunteers mixed with ethnic German Waffen SS veterans. So I think therefor it got it's Viking name. The foreign volunteers came from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands and Belgium.




Danish SS-Panzer-Division Wiking volunteers- German Nazi ring


Waffen SS Wiking Division Officer's Ring

The Nazi's used a lot of Viking propaganda material, because they were fond of the blond blue eyed Scandinavian Nordic Vikings. They liked the Nordic volunteers for the Waffen-SS from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, because in the racial ideological Nazi philosophy and racial biology, the Nordic scandinavians were the most perfect aryians, Germanic people. The German and Austrian Nazi's were disappointed that not the majority of the aryan and Germanic Danes, Swedes, Norwegians and also Dutch and Flemish people supported them. The Patriotism of these people and aversion towards nazism disappointed and angered the German and Austrian nazi's. Therefor during the second half of the Second world war the nazi regimes (military and civilian Nazi party) regimes in these countries became more harsh and strict from 1942/1943. Before that there was a less strict regime, because they wanted to have friendly relationship with the Germanic populations. Ofcourse jews, communist, socialists, gypsies and other undesirables were treaded less pleasantly and thus inferior.






Danish Nazi party poster, 1938





The Vikings and Noormannen (Northmen) as we called them in Dutch were pre-Nationalistic, North-Germanic, Scandinavian people. Before, during and after the war people were and are fascinated by them.

[Nictoshek]

The Vikings had they lived today, probably wouldn't have liked our kind of world....even though it is widely celebrated as enlightened progress.  Their free spirited manliness would have been effaced and emasculated by modernity's monster: the all encompassing TECHNIQUE

www.artofmanliness.com/

[pieter]

My favorite Dutch Viking comic of my youth, Eric de Noorman (Eric the Viking) I read this comic books with drawings and a real written story (like a novel). It was different than comics with texts in balloons.















For Karl in Frisian:
fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_de_Noarman

[pieter]

Hans G. Kresse



Hans G. Kresse (Amsterdam, 3 December 1921–Doorwerth, 12 March 1992) was a Dutch cartoonist. He was the winner of the 1976 Stripschapprijs.

Biography



Hans G. Kresse, born in the Netherlands in 1921, started his career as a comics artist in 1938 in the scouting magazine De Verkenner. He joined the Toonder Studios in 1944, where he worked on a variety of comics, starting with the typical Toonder-style animal comic Robby, but soon changing to the first of Kresse's realistic works like De Gouden Dolk (the Golden Dagger) (1946). It was in this historical realistic style that he would continue to work for the remainder of his career.
The same year, he created his magnum opus, the Viking series Eric de Noorman. As was typical for Dutch comics at the time, it was a comic with the text below the drawings instead of inside text balloons. The comic first appeared in the Flemish newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws (The latest news), and was later also published in the Netherlands and in Wallonia in French. The series continued until 1964, and a spinoff series Erwin, de Zoon van Erik de Noorman (Erwin, the son of Eric the Viking) started as a regular ballon comic in 1966.





During and after those years, Kresse created many one shot comics and contributed numerous illustrations to many Dutch youth magazines. The most famous of his comics of these years are Matho Tonga, Vidocq, Mangas Coloradas and Alain d'Arcy.
His second main series, Les Peaux-Rouges, depicting the history of the Native Americans during the Spanish conquests of North America, debuted in 1973. Published at the famous French language editor Casterman, Kresse worked on it until 1982, when he had to retire due to failing eyesight.


A page from a Les Peaux-Rouges comic book

[karl]

Pieter

Over the years, was I to hear also of the fasnination of the Nazi,s with the Nordic appearance. I am not sure if it was to be in their eyes as opposite of dark hair and brown eyes or what. To use Nordic as a race preference simply does not make sense, perhaps this was their glue of adhesive to have a common ideal..

For one though, they certainly mis-used the various runic symbles for various applications.

It is interesting of the popular use of Viking in both symblic and fanciful applications in art and form. I would only suppose this is a particular emaginative application to fit in what ever mind set as an example of their purpose, such as the exampled motorcycle club use. It is harmless and if to bolsture their personal statuse, then of course why not.

Personally, as an opinion, I would first believe the use of various indian signs would be more appropriate. For the warrior indian brave upon his fast horse shooting his arrows at his foe at a full gallap, would be more interesting. For the early American history of the indian wars were very firce with their shoot outs and raids. It is difficult to emage not to be frightend with facing a tribe of mean looking indian warriors riding in mass shooting arrows and guns with such whooping and scare tactics. For one, how on this earth would the defenders be able to cope with such fierce opposition?

The best technology available to Vikings was good iron, swords and iron war axes. It was close up and personal with the fighting. What was to the viking advantage though, was the fear factor of their landing upon which ever shore, and being strange in apperance, was to their advantage.

Between crop harvest and seeding time, to raid was as of hunting season. For upon how ever length of sailing time, was time used for overtaking which ever land, to then plunder of the land, load up the ship and return sail home. The plunder upon dividing, was the yearly bonus to trade or sell to which ever buyer or market. For raiding was not the only lively hood, but the search for new markets for trade was a most important factor in the adventure of sailing. This and the exploration of new lands to settle for the virgin timber and land suitable for farming.

The reason of us as children to play at being viking, was we/myself, was with out any thought of not being Dansk. We simply were playing out our dreams of growing up in the only world we knew. Playing was a manner of strengthing our courage to face what ever difficulty in the manner of overcoming the foe of fear.

Karl

[pieter]

Karl,

With your background and location of upbringing and early adult life, I understand why and that you heared also of the fasnination of the Nazi,s with the Nordic appearance. It was in your nation that a few years or decade(s) the Nazi regime ruled for 12 years and built up it's power the decade before that. (1933) Many Germans and Austrians didn't fit the Germanic and Aryan ideal of the Nazi's. For instance a lot of Bavarians, people of Baden-Württemberg, Austria and East-Prussia had dark hair and brown eyes. And ofcourse a lot of Germans from the Western, Central, Eastern and Northern states too. The Scandinavian Danes, Swedes and Norwegians were taller, more blond and blue eyed than the Germans. I think that the Germans looked up to their tall, white blond and blue eyed, masculine Northern neighbors. In the new Third Reich they probably hoped that the Scandinavian element in the Reich would be strong. I read that they had the Lebensborn program in the occupied Scandinavian countries too. That SS aryan breeding program has something occult about it. After the war the lives of many of the children born in this program was a hell. In child foster homes. Many mental illnesses, suicides and other strange things happened with these kids. The SS had an occult/satanic side which was sinister. That pseudo scientific race biological program was criminal and not practical and sustainable.

Ofcourse to use Nordic as a race preference simply does not make sense, because a winder mix of gene poles is better. I believe in a mix of all kind of European and non-European people. Look at the beauty of Brazillian people. Some of them have three races. In my point of view it was good that Southern and Central- and Eastern-European people immigrated to Western-Europe, because we needed employee's and certain craftsmen. Their offspring, integrated and assimilated (only carrying Slavic and Latin names) married with Dutch and German people, and got 'new' Dutch and German kids. By the way how many Germans who were born after the Second World War in the late fourties or early fiftees had fathers who were members of the allied forces stationed in Germany (East- and West). You have Germans who have American, English, Canadian, French, Dutch, Russian, Polish fathers or fathers of other nationalities. Some of my half German friends have a Dutch father and a German mother. Many Nazi collaborators (foreign Waffen-SS soldiers and NSB members [Quislings]) fled from their countries (the Netherlands, Denmark, Flanders, Wallonia and etc.) to Germany. They often married German women or had a German girlfriend and hid their past and identity for the Dutch (or Danish/Belgian) and German authorities. Some of them later faced German persecution after Nazi hunters tracked them down. But they were protected by German law, because they as members of the Waffen-SS had served in the German army for a German government.

Yes, German and Austrian Nazi's back then and European and American Neo-Nazi's abused and abuse the various runic symbles for various applications. The runic symbols and alphabet symply was the written language of the 'Old Germanic people', 'the Germanic tribes' of the early Middle ages. The ancesters of the Germans, Dutch, Frisians, Flemish and part of the Danes. The runic symbols are contaminated by Nazi symbolism today and can't be used without the link to Nazi connections. The original Germanic symbolism of the runes was ofcourse different. Rebellious youth groups and motor gangs like to use the runic symbols for provocative reasons and to be impressive and feared. The hardrock band Kiss used the SS runes as a provocative symbol. Other hardrock/heavy metal bands used runes and nazi symbolism to be provocative. Skinheads and Punks too.








Bass guitarist and vocalist Sid Vicious of the influential British punk group the Sex Pistols


The Swastika was decontextualized and widely used by punks for obvious shock value but also as a reflection on the boundaries of freedom of expression.


Large Odal-Rune T-shirt today


Algiz-Rune Short-Sleeved Shirt (today)

Yes, it is interesting of the popular use of Viking in both symblic and fanciful applications in art and form. The heroism of the Vikings and the Nietschian Übermensch idea of conquering the other European peoples by military force, pillage and occupation is present in the mindset and culture of some youth and adults. In Germany and some other West-Germanic and Scandinavian countries you had the Underground Neo-Nazi youth movement the "Wiking-Jugend".

The "Wiking-Jugend" (WJ, "Viking youth") was a German Neo-Nazi organization modelled after the Hitlerjugend. The Sozialistische Reichspartei (SRP) was outlawed in 1952, together with its youth organization "Reichsjugend". The Neo-Nazis went underground in numerous fragmented follow-up organizations, and the former Reichsjugend, the Vaterländischer Jungenbund and the Deutsche Unitarier-Jugend eventually coalesced again in the form of the "Wiking-Jugend". The group was active in the pan-European nationalist New European Order, although they quit in 1955 over the issue of South Tyrol. Up to 1991, Stolberg (Rhineland) was the headquarters of WJ. From 1991 to 1994, it was Berlin. The Wiking-Jugend was outlawed as unconstitutional on 10 November 1994.



Sie treffen sich heimlich in Wäldern, um Kindern Heimattreue und Fremdenfeindlichkeit einzutrichtern. Mit Wehrsportübungen, Fahnenappellen und Fackelmärschen rekrutiert der Verein "Heimattreue Deutsche Jugend" (HDJ) gezielt braunen Nachwuchs. Längst weisen Verfassungsschutzbehörden auf die Gefahr der HDJ hin. Doch verboten ist die Gruppierung bislang nicht - verantwortlich: das zuständige Bundesinnenministerium.

Eine ähnliche Organisation hingegen, die "Wiking-Jugend", ist vor dreizehn Jahren verboten worden, und viele Mitglieder der damaligen "Wiking-Jugend" sind heute in die HDJ aktiv. Dort verbreiten sie weiter ihr braunes Gedankengut und schulen Kinder für die Nazi-Szene.



Karl, I agree with you that the use of various indian signs would be more appropriate. Ofcourse we grew up with the books of Karl May, adventure novels set in the American Old West (best known for the characters of Winnetou and Old Shatterhand) and for me as a Dutch boy who read the Dutch cowboy and Indian novels Ardensoog (Eagles Eye) of the authors Johannes Nowee and his son Paulus Nowee.







Cheers,
Pieter

[kaima]

Nordic types, mythology and Neanderthaler?



What will further research do to our current racist theories? It will take a few generations for the ideas to sink in, old timers will reject new science, as they so often have. But then we will come to accept new theories ... until something better comes along!

[pieter]

Feb 11, 2014 17:11:35 GMT -7 kaima said:

Nordic types, mythology and Neanderthaler?



What will further research do to our current racist theories? It will take a few generations for the ideas to sink in, old timers will reject new science, as they so often have. But then we will come to accept new theories ... until something better comes along!

Ron (Kaima),

I consider those race biological theories and pseudo science of these Social-darwinistic English, German, French and Swedish thinkers and scientists as completely nonsense. Unfortunately these nonsensical ideas and convictions of Arthur de Gobineau (the 19th century French inventor of the theory of the Aryan master race), the Swedish race biologist Herman Bernhard Lundborg, the English-German writer Houston Stewart Chamberlain (one of the many references for the pan-Germanic movement of the early 20th century, and, later, of the völkisch antisemitism of Nazi racial policy), and Robert Baden-Powell (his influence on the Scouts of the world) have had an impact on the ideologies and systems of parties and states in the 20th century. Nazi Germany and Nazi (occupied) Austria, Sweden (with it's eugenetics politcs), fascist Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia, rightwing military dicatorships and far right para military death squads in Southern- and latin America, the Afrikaner Apartheidsregime in South-Africa (1948-1994), and other totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in the world. Russia is IMO a scary example of extreme ethnocentric, xenophobe, slavophile, Russicist (racist) Ultra-nationalism with Social-darwinistic roots. Baden-Powell was a nazi sympasthiser. In 1939 Baden-Powell noted in his diary: "Lay up all day. Read Mein Kampf. A wonderful book, with good ideas on education, health, propaganda, organisation etc. – and ideals which Hitler does not practise himself.": Baden-Powell admired Benito Mussolini early in the Italian fascist leader's career.


Arthur de Gobineau


Herman Bernhard Lundborg




Houston Stewart Chamberlain


Robert Baden-Powell

Arthur de Gobineau and Herman Bernhard Lundborg together with the ideas of Houston Stewart Chamberlain had a significant influence on the racial political ideology oif the Nazi's. (and indirect the neo-nazi's of today) The Nazi Party's chief racial theorist, Alfred Ernst Rosenberg, was influenced by Houston Stewart Chamberlain's book The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (one of the key proto-Nazi books of racial theory)

Rosenberg oversaw the construction of a human racial "ladder" that justified Hitler's genocidal policies. Rosenberg built on the works of Arthur de Gobineau, Houston Stewart Chamberlain and the American lawyer, eugenicist and conservationist Madison Grant, as well as on the beliefs of Hitler. He placed Blacks and Jews at the very bottom of the ladder, while at the very top stood the white or "Aryan" race. Rosenberg promoted the Nordic theory which regarded Nordics as the "master race", superior to all others, including to other Aryans (Indo-Europeans).


The Nazi Party's chief racial theorist, Alfred Ernst Rosenberg



Madison Grant(November 19, 1865 – May 30, 1937) was responsible for one of the most famous works of scientific racism, and played an active role in crafting strong immigration restriction and anti-miscegenation laws in the United States.


American lawyer, eugenicist and conservationist Madison Grant

The Austrian Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect, and esotericist Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (1861 – 1925) delivered his part to the scientific racism in the West.


Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner

"whether a given reader interprets Anthroposophy as racist or not depends upon that reader's concerns." Steiner considered that every people, by dint of a shared language and culture, has a unique essence, which he called its soul or spirit. He saw race as a physical manifestation of humanity's spiritual evolution and at times discussed race in terms of complex hierarchies largely derived from nineteenth century biology, anthropology, philosophy, and Theosophy. However he consistently and explicitly subordinated race, ethnicity, gender—indeed, all hereditary factors—to individual factors in development. For Steiner, human individuality is centered in a person's unique biography, an individuality's experiences and development not bound by a single lifetime, not the qualities of the physical body. More specifically:

- Steiner occasionally characterized specific races, nations, and ethnicities in ways that have been termed racist by critics including descriptions of certain races and ethnic groups as flowering, others as backward, destined to disappear, or even degenerate; and presented explicitly hierarchical views of the spiritual evolution of different races, including—at times, and inconsistently—portraying the white race, European culture, or Germanic culture as representing the high point of human evolution as of the early 20th century, though describing these as destined to be superseded by future cultures.
- Throughout his life Steiner consistently emphasized the core spiritual unity of all the world's peoples and sharply criticized racial prejudice. He articulated beliefs that the individual nature of any person stands higher than any racial, ethnic, national or religious affiliation. His belief that race and ethnicity are transient and superficial, not essential aspects of the individual was partly rooted in his conviction that each individual incarnates in a variety of different peoples and races over successive lives, and that each of us thus bears within him- or herself the heritage of many races and peoples. Toward the end of his life, Steiner predicted that race will rapidly lose any remaining significance for future generations. In Steiner's view, culture is universal, and explicitly not ethnically based; he saw Goethe and idealist philosophy, in particular, as the source of ideas that could be drawn upon by any culture, and vehemently critiqued imperialism.

Social Darwinism today stil has an influence on both far right neo-nazi and other peoples nationalistic movements and rightwing and leftwing populists. Social darwinism has also a strong presence in New Age, theosophical, anthroposophical and esotheric circles. In the sense of an extreme cause and effect thinking. In that the superiority of some are prelavent above the of (weaker) others, in this New Age thinking. People are the cause of their own illnesses, health and thus deterioration. New Age thought in this is extreme objectivist and social darwinist. It lacks the ethical and moral values and compassions of the Abrahamic religions and moderate democratic political ideologies with a human social concept of care and equality (which both liberalism and Conservatism have, due to their messianic roots in christianity) The concept of Social Darwinism and eugenics, by those who attribute the term to themselves, is prevalent within modern Satanism. Social Darwinist ideas are presented throughout The Satanic Bible, authored by Anton LaVey, founder of the Church of Satan and 20th century Satanism. “Satanists also seek to enhance the laws of nature by concentrating on fostering the practice of eugenics.”

Contemporary

During the Congo Civil War (1998–2003), Pygmies were hunted down like game animals and eaten. Both sides of the war regarded them as "subhuman" and some say their flesh can confer magical powers. UN human rights activists reported in 2003 that rebels had carried out acts of cannibalism. Sinafasi Makelo, a representative of Mbuti pygmies, has asked the UN Security Council to recognise cannibalism as a crime against humanity and an act of genocide. A report released by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination condemns Botswana's treatment of the 'Bushmen' as racist. In 2008, the tribunal of the 15-nation Southern African Development Community (SADC) accused Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe of having a racist attitude towards white people. In Liberia, the constitution restricts citizenship to only people of black African descent.

The mass demonstrations and riots against African students in Nanjing, China, lasted from December 1988 to January 1989. Bar owners in central Beijing had been forced by the police "not to serve black people or Mongolians" during the 2008 Summer Olympics, as the police associates these ethnic groups with illegal prostitution and drug trafficking.] Some neighborhood committees in Guangzhou bar Africans from living in residential complexes. In November 2009, British newspaper The Guardian reported that Lou Jing, of mixed Chinese and African parentage, had emerged as the most famous talent show contestant in China and has become the subject of intense debate because of her skin colour. Her attention in the media opened serious debates about racism in China and racial prejudice.

In Asia and Latin America, light skin is seen as more attractive. Thus, skin whitening cosmetic products are popular in East Asia and India. Some activists, most prominently at the UN conference at Durban, have asserted that the caste system in India is a form of racial discrimination., although many prominent scholars debunk this viewpoint as "scientifically nonsense", since there are no consistent racial differences between the different castes in India. These activists utilize genetic studies that claim to corroborate their view, although other more detailed studies have challenged these assertions as overtly simplistic Currently, there are approximately 165 million Dalits (formerly known as "untouchables") in India.

Some 70,000 black African Mauritanians were expelled from Mauritania in the late 1980s. In the Sudan, black African captives in the civil war were often enslaved, and female prisoners were often used sexually. The Darfur conflict has been described by some as a racial matter. In October 2006, Niger announced that it would deport the Arabs living in the Diffa region of eastern Niger to Chad. This population numbered about 150,000. While the Government collected Arabs in preparation for the deportation, two girls died, reportedly after fleeing Government forces, and three women suffered miscarriages.

The Ethiopian Jewish community's integration into Israeli society has been complicated by racist attitudes on the part of some elements of Israeli society and the official establishment. The Israeli media reported that residents of Pisgat Ze'ev, a large Jewish neighbourhood in Jerusalem, had formed a vigilante-style patrol to stop interracial dating between Arab men and local Jewish girls. In the 2007 poll, more than half of Israeli Jews said that intermarriage should be equated with "national treason".

The Jakarta riots of May 1998 targeted many Chinese Indonesians. The anti-Chinese legislation was in the Indonesian constitution until 1998. Xenophobia against Chinese migrants is currently on the rise in Africa and Oceania. Anti-Chinese rioting, involving tens of thousands of people, broke out in Papua New Guinea in May 2009. The Fiji coup of 2000 has provoked a violent backlash against the Indo-Fijians. Fiji citizens of Indian, European, mixed race or other island heritage have become second-class citizens. Racial divisions also exist in Guyana, Malaysia, Trinidad and Tobago, Madagascar, or South Africa (discrimination and racism of the black population against the colored people. Also black African immigrants face fierce xenophobia by Black South-Africans. People of Somalia and Zimbabwe have been lynched, burned alive and beaten to death)

One form of racism in the United States was enforced racial segregation which existed until 1960s when it was outlawed. It has been argued that this separation of races continues to exist today de facto. The causes of segregation vary from lack of access to loans and resources to discrimination in realty.


en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_darwinism de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialdarwinismus pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinizm_spo%C5%82eczny
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racism
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Lundborg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariosophy de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariosophie da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariosofi

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interminority_racism
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnocentrism
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocentrism

[pieter]

For the German readers amongst us:

National befreite Zone



Mit dem euphemistischen Ausdruck national befreite Zone bezeichnen Rechtsextremisten einen Bereich, in dem rechtsextrem motivierte Gewalt das Straßenbild so stark prägt, dass Ausländer, sich als links oder alternativ Verstehende und andere von Rechtsextremen als „fremd“ und „feindlich“ Eingestufte wie Homosexuelle, Juden und Behinderte sich aus Furcht vor gewalttätigen Übergriffen nicht mehr auf die Straße oder in öffentliche Einrichtungen wagen und aus Angst vor Repressalien auch nicht Anzeige erstatten.
So versucht die rechtsextreme Szene um NPD und Freie Kameradschaften einen Machtbereich außerhalb der demokratischen Ordnung zu markieren, in dem Abweichler von der so bestimmten „Normalität“ terrorisiert und verjagt werden können.
Burkhard Schröder schreibt in seinem Buch Im Griff der rechten Szene. Ostdeutsche Städte in Angst:
„Eine ‚befreite Zone‘ ist kein fest umrissener und geografisch definierter Ort, sondern beschreibt ein bestimmtes Milieu, ein Netz von Verhaltensmustern, das Einstellungen und Ideen nur innerhalb bestimmter Grenzen als 'normal' vorschreibt. Ziel sei es, die normale Alltagskultur und ihre moralischen Normen mit weltanschaulichen Versatzstücken zu infiltrieren: Wer den Staat als 'völkisch' definiert, also 'Kultur' als Schicksalsgemeinschaft und biologisch ansieht, ist dieser Taktik auf den Leim gegangen. Wer meint, Rechte seien 'gegen Ausländer', hat rechtsextreme Gedankenmuster übernommen: Neonazis bezeichnen jeden als 'Ausländer', der 'südländisch' aussieht, auch wenn er oder sie einen deutschen Pass besitzt.“



Kritische Stimmen weisen allerdings darauf hin, dass die Anerkennung solcher Räume durch potenziell Betroffene der Situation Vorschub leistet, und bestreiten deren Existenz. Zudem würden Strafverfolgungsbehörden und Polizei häufig zögern, Vorfälle als rechtsextrem motiviert einzustufen.
Erstmals wurde der Begriff 1991 in einer Publikation des NPD-nahen rechtsextremen Nationaldemokratischen Hochschulbunds (Vorderste Front. Zeitschrift für politische Theorie und Strategie, Ausgabe 2, Juni 1991) als Strategieansatz verwendet und von dort Mitte der 1990er Jahre in unterschiedliche Diskussionsforen und Websites der Neonazis wie beispielsweise Thule-Netz, Stormfront, die Websites von Ernst Zündel und andere übernommen. Das Konzept wird seither von rechtsextremen Aktivisten propagiert und versucht, besonders in einigen Orten in Ostdeutschland umzusetzen, was vermutlich seit ca. 1997 auch punktuell gelang.


German Holocaust denier and pamphleteer Ernst Christof Friedrich Zündel

Durch die Wahl zum Unwort des Jahres 2000 wurde der Ausdruck erst einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit bekannt, wobei die Jury den Zynismus dieser Formulierung anprangerte. Der frühere Regierungssprecher Uwe-Karsten Heye, Vorsitzender von "Gesicht zeigen – Aktion weltoffenes Deutschland" sagte im Mai 2006 im DeutschlandradioKultur: „Es gibt kleinere und mittlere Städte in Brandenburg und anderswo, wo ich keinem raten würde, der eine andere Hautfarbe hat, hinzugehen. Er würde sie möglicherweise lebend nicht wieder verlassen.“ Dies löste eine heftige politische Diskussion um No-Go-Areas im Kontext der Fußball-WM 2006 aus.

[karl]

Pieter

This is very heavy stuff from the NPD. They are out right proclaiming to be racist against any one with a mediterranian appearance. To work out side of the Democatic order. They though, have declared by this publication, zones of exempt, but have not defined those zones as being ones to enforce their threat. It is an open challenge that lacks the smoking gun evidence for arrest in the manner of prosicution. The smoking gun would be: Habeas Corpus as in the body of the crime,,if,,those individuals were to place into practice in enforcement of their threat in the specific place against an individual{s} to then serve as witness. This then, with the witness to serve as Corpus Delicti to the event. For then the body of the crime of racial assault being then examined for the paticulars of the crime as Corpus Delicti.

Then, a successful arrest to then follow a successful prosicution in a court of jurisdiction.

These guys are smart, not just idiots attending an idiots convention. If for an example, these members of the NPD, were to in this stead, operate in an preundisclosed area, with an atttact upon an individual with or with out enjury would then fall under a different rule of law as an assault with or with out weapon. It would then be difficult to define the assault as a racial motivated crime, although common sense would say so, but not under the colour of law in the legal system.

It is a difficult situation in the democrative manner. But to operate other wise, would be no better then these people.

Karl

[pieter]

Karl,

The stuff from the NPD indeed is very heavy. They are simply against alol non-white, non-German people from outside Europe who are in Germany. Similar political parties exist in other European countries like Switzerland, Hungary, Austria, Bulgaria, Russia, the Ukraine, Serbia, Greece, Italy and Great Britain. To work out side of the Democatic order is not so difficult, because you don't need the set of democratic rules, to be accepted and registered as an official party or movement with enough followers. The far right and far left movements and parties outside the democratic political spectrum reject the parlaimentarian democratic system and structures of the democratic state and legal system. The extreme right for 'Peoples Nationalistic' völkisch racist and antisemitic (anti-Jewish and aqnti-Arabic Muslim - because the Muslims are the new scapegoat or 'jew'in Europe. The new anti-semitism is anti-islamism. Rejecting Islam and Muslims as an inferior religion and culture, by these European suprematists and Eurocentric/ethnocentric thinking people), Xenophobe, chauvinistic, ultra-conservative, reactionairy reasons reject the democratic constitutions, legislations and thus rules of their National state and the European Union, because they consider them to be too progressive, liberal, tolerant, multi-cultural, internationalist and non-ethnic based. The extreme left reject the same things for anti-imperialistic, anti-capitalistic, anti-nationalist, universal/internationalist reasons. (Marxist-leninist, Anarchistic, Maoist, Trotskist or New Left reasons) The moderne far right is very interested in and has adopted ideas of the far leftwing movements in Europe and other continents. Some Neo-Nazi's have adopted styles, methods and tactics and strategies of their 'former' and 'present' oponents.


German Neo-Nazi poster of the former Neo-Nazi organisation Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten



They NPD is the largest and most dangerous German far right party. It is very well organised, disciplined and has a following all over Germany, but mainly in Eastern-Germany and some poorer parts of Western-Germany with a lot of unemployment. Ofcourse they are very hard to catch, because they will never openly challange the state or organise anti-constitutional gatherings. They are very good in the political education of children, youth (teenagers), adults, women and their militants, politicians and local and regional leaders. They have connections with the Neo-Nazi Freie Kameradschaften, Neo-Nazi cells of small local organised militant groups. They are inspired by the NSDAP party of Adolf Hitler, Martin Bormann, Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Göring, Rudolf Heß and Heinrich Himmler. But also by Vladimir Lenin's Leninism, Ernst Thälmann, Friedrich Engels (1820 – 1895) and the members of the Rote Armee Fraction (Baader Meinhof Gruppe) were and are an example for the far right due to their anti-American, anti-Bundesrepublic and Pro-Palestinian (anti-Israeli) stance. SA-leader Ernst Julius Röhm (1887 – 1934), the dissident (leftist) Nazi's Gregor Strasser and his brother Otto Strasser, Fidel Castro, Kim Il Jung and Ernesto (Che) Guevara and Osama Bin Laden were and are examples of some Neo-Nazi's too.






Rudolf Hess Gedenkmarsch

It would be a great mistake to underestimate these people in their political ideology and strategic and tactical thinking, their modernisation and adoption to these times. They change like other people change and transform themselves in time. They are not the same old Nazi's of the twenties, thirties and fourtees. They are Neo-Nazi's, 'Peoples Nationalist' with a late 20th century development and education and a 21th century mindset. They live in the digital and audio-visual age and know how to use technology, social-media, propaganda and pragmatic modern political views, experience and party directions. They come from the German working class and middle class and have connections with foreign far right extremists from all over continental Europe, the USA and Great-Britain. For instance German, Dutch and Flemish Neo-NBazi's gather and cooperate in demonstrations in Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium.

Cheers,
Pieter

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampfbund_Deutscher_Sozialisten
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freie_Kameradschaften