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Post by pieter on Feb 20, 2023 9:54:19 GMT -7
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Post by pieter on Feb 20, 2023 10:00:08 GMT -7
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Post by pieter on Feb 20, 2023 12:54:56 GMT -7
Władysław Franciszek JabłonowskiWładysław Franciszek Jabłonowski (25 October 1769 – 29 September 1802) was a Polish general and military commander, who fought for France during the Napoleonic Wars. He is the first known Polish general of African descent.
After enlisting in the colonial service, he died of yellow fever in 1802 in Saint-Domingue, where the Polish Legionnaires were initially fighting with the French against former enslaved African Haitians seeking freedom. Many other French and Poles died of yellow fever and Napoleon withdrew his surviving forces.
Some of the Polish soldiers allied with the slaves in their quest for freedom, and about 400–500 settled on the island after the war. They were granted full citizenship by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who led the country. Jean-Jacques Dessalines (20 September 1758 – 17 October 1806) was a leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution. Initially regarded as governor-general, Dessalines was later named Emperor of Haiti as Jacques I (1804–1806) by generals of the Haitian Revolution Army and ruled in that capacity until being assassinated in 1806. He has been referred to as the father of the nation of Haiti.Early lifeOf mixed ancestry, Władysław was the illegitimate child of Maria Dealire, an English aristocrat, and an unidentified man of African descent. He acquired the nickname "Murzynek". Maria Dealire's husband, the Polish nobleman Konstanty Jabłonowski, accepted the boy as his son and gave him his family name, so he was considered Polish.
In 1783 Jabłonowski as a youth was admitted to the French military academy at Paris École Militaire. There he was a schoolmate of Napoleon Bonaparte and Louis Nicolas D'avout. In a climate of bullying, he was subjected to racist taunts, including from Napoleon. On graduation he joined the Régiment de Royal-Allemand, where he attained the rank of lieutenant. Military careerIn 1794 Jabłonowski fought in Tadeusz Kościuszko's uprising against Tsarist Russia. He participated in battles of Szczekociny, Warsaw, Maciejowice, and at Praga. In 1799 he was made General of Brigade of the Polish legions.
From 1801 he was the leader of Legia Naddunajska. He enlisted in the colonial forces to serve in Louisiana or Saint-Domingue. He was sent at his own request to Saint-Domingue in May 1802 to assist French forces (before Napoleon recruited more of the Polish legions to assist his French forces), and was accompanied by his common-law wife Anne Penot. There he worked to put down the Haitian Revolution being waged by formerly enslaved Africans. Jabłonowski died from yellow fever on 29 September 1802 in Jérémie, three weeks after more Legionnaires landed but before he had seen any.
The disease caused many deaths among both French and Polish forces, killing more than those who died because of warfare. Eventually some 400 of the surviving Polish Legions (who started with 5200 soldiers) abandoned the French and joined the slaves in their fight for freedom. They settled in what became Haiti, where their descendants are known as Polish Haitians. In Polish cultureJabłonowski is mentioned in Adam Mickiewicz's notable epic poem Pan Tadeusz, in the context of a veteran of the Polish legions recounting what he had seen: how Jabłonowski had reached the land where the pepper grows and where sugar is produced, and where in eternal spring' bloom fragrant woods: with the legion of the Danube there the Polish general smites the Negroes, but sighs for his native soil
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Post by pieter on Feb 20, 2023 13:41:42 GMT -7
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Post by pieter on Feb 20, 2023 13:42:40 GMT -7
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Post by pieter on Feb 20, 2023 15:33:44 GMT -7
The Black Archives is a unique historical archive for inspiring conversations, activities and literature from Black and other perspectives that are often overlooked elsewhere. The Black Archives documents the history of black emancipation movements and individuals in the Netherlands. The Black Archives is managed by the New Urban Collective.
The Black Archives consists of unique book collections, archives and artifacts that are the legacy of Black Dutch writers and scientists. The more than 10.000 books in the collections focus on racism and race issues, slavery and (the) colonization, gender and feminism, social sciences and development, Suriname, the Netherlands Antilles, South America, Africa and more.
As a result, The Black Archives provides book collections and literature which are not or little discussed in schools and within universities. The collections are intended as a start collection that can grow by gifts and collaborations with others. In this way, Black literature, knowledge and information is made accessible for study and research.
Based on the collections we develop exhibitions, public programmes and other educational and inspirational activities.
The Black Archives contains the following books collections and archives
- Heilbron Collection
- Huiswoud Collection
- Willemsen Collection
- Archives and books collection of Association Ons SurinameFor more info click on this link: www.theblackarchives.nl/about-us.html
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Post by pieter on Feb 20, 2023 15:45:25 GMT -7
Kerwin DuinmeijerKerwin Duinmeijer (born Kerwin Lucas, though he later took on the surname of his foster parents; 5 June 1968 – 21 August 1983) was a Dutch teenager of Netherlands Antillean descent who was murdered in an act of senseless violence. Though still a point of contention, it has generally been accepted in the past that racism played a major role in his murder. DeathDuinmeijer, 15 years old, was stabbed outside a snackbar in the Damstraat, Amsterdam by 16-year-old Nico Bodemeijer, a Dutch skinhead (Nazi Skin). After being stabbed, Duinmeijer ran to the Dam Square where he tried to take a taxi. The taxi drivers told Duinmeijer to wait for an ambulance, because they are legally not allowed to transport seriously injured passengers. Though that wasn't mentioned in the media around that time, who wrote that the cab driver didn't want blood on his seats. A photographer from Panorama took photos of the dying boy lying on the Dam Square surrounded by onlookers. The ambulance arrived 20 minutes later and Duinmeijer was taken to the hospital. Duinmeijer died from his injuries shortly after the ambulance arrived at the hospital.
Bodemeijer was convicted of the murder, but according to the judge there was not enough evidence to define and see it as an act of racism. Bodemeijer was involuntarily committed in an institution for minors. He was released in 1988 but was jailed once more for another, non-lethal, stabbing, in a bar in 1990. In 1998 he threw a plant pot from an upstairs balcony towards a parking warden placing a wheel clamp on his car, narrowly missing him. This generated some new publicity. According to a Dutch television station, Bodemeijer committed suicide in January 2012.LegacyDuinmeijer was buried at Zorgvlied cemetery. A memorial is held every year on the 20th of August in the Vondelpark, where the statue of Mama Baranka (Mother Earth [Rock]) by the Dutch-Antillean sculptor Nelson Carrilho was raised in Duinmeijer's memory. In 2018 at the place where he was killed.
A street in Diemen was named in honor of Duinmeijer. This street was later renamed Kerwin Lucasstraat.
The song Zwart Wit (Black White) by the Frank Boeijen Groep (Frank Boeijen Group) was inspired by the murder of Kerwin Duinmeijer.
A documentary film by Froukje Bos based on the murder, Kerwin, Sign of the Times (Kerwin, teken van de tijd), was broadcast by NOS-TV and European Broadcasting Union in 1984, receiving the Grand Prix d'Anube and press-award at the International film festival Bratislava 1985 as well as the J.B. Broeksz award 1985 (VARA). Music video by Frank Boeijen Groep performing Zwart Wit. (C) 1987 BMG Nederland B.V.Frank Boeijen Group - Black WhiteHe walked there in the city 'late at night Suddenly on the other side He saw them standing Someone yelled "you don't belong with us" Knife, stab, pain
ref.: Think carefully about which side you are on Don't think white (don't think white), don't think black (don't think black) Don't think black and white Don't think white (don't think white), don't think black (don't think black) Don't think black and white But in the color of your heart But in the color of your heart
The street was dark On the way to the square A taxi, it's too late It is over Who wants blood on the backseat From solidity
ref. Think carefully about which side you are on Don't think white (don't think white), don't think black (don't think black) Don't think black and white Don't think white (don't think white), don't think black (don't think black) Don't think black and white But in the color of your heart But in the color of your heart
Don't think white (don't think white), don't think black (don't think black) Don't think black and white Don't think white (don't think white), don't think black (don't think black) Don't think black and white But in the color of your heart But in the color of your heart But in the color of your heart But in the color of your heart
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Post by pieter on Feb 20, 2023 16:06:28 GMT -7
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Post by pieter on Feb 20, 2023 16:20:48 GMT -7
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