Slovakia's own separation barrier

[justjohn]

BBC NEWS
Slovakia's own separation barrier

By Nick Thorpe
BBC News, Ostrovany

Elzbieta and Viera, mother and daughter, stand in their garden looking down at the Roma (Gypsy) children tobogganing hilariously in the last of the winter snows.



All that separates them is a wall - a new, white concrete wall, 150m (495ft) long, 2.2m tall. Beyond the wall stand the wattle-and-daub, mud-and-twig hovels where many Roma live here in Ostrovany, in eastern Slovakia.

"I don't mind them really," says Viera.

"We tolerate them pretty well actually, considering they've built their homes on land which doesn't belong to them.

"But I have one rule in our relations with them: don't do to others what you would not like done to yourself."

She is talking about the theft of fruit, vegetables and even the metal fence posts from their gardens, which she and others blame on the Roma.

It went on for years, she says, until the local council responded to their complaints and spent 13,000 euros (£12,000) of public funds on the wall.

Muddy shacks

As a structure to keep a minority away from a majority, it has drawn parallels with an earlier wall between Roma and non-Roma in the Czech town of Usti nad Labem, and even with the Berlin Wall and Israel's separation barrier.

But what is new in Ostrovany is that the Roma now form the majority - exactly two-thirds of the population.

Up on the main road, a troupe of Roma children, accompanied by their teachers, walk back from school, laughing and joking. Dobry den! they call in chorus. "Good day!"

"The wall does not segregate the Roma, nor does it limit their access to main roads or services," says Cyril Revak, Mayor of Ostrovany.

He has grown wary of the stream of journalists who have come knocking at his door this winter, but softens slightly as we speak.

"The only criticism I am willing to accept, is that public money was used to protect private property. But public money is also used to help the Roma. We help some people one day, others the next."

Down in the Roma ghetto, Petr Kaleja's shack is the closest to the wall.

"We just woke up one morning and saw them building it," he grumbles. "Why couldn't they use the money to build us a decent home instead?"

His shack looks from the outside like an exhibit from a rural history museum. Sticks held together with clayey mud, without door or windows, and just a blanket over the entrance.

Inside he lives with his young wife and baby daughter. Melting snow drips steadily into a filthy bucket, through a hole in the makeshift roof.

There is an ancient television - "it actually works!" he grins - a dangling light bulb, and a battered wood-burning stove in the corner, throwing out some heat.

Loan sharks

When we first met Mr Kaleja, he was pulling a load of freshly cut wood on a sledge from a nearby privately owned forest. There is no wall around that - yet.

The family live on 170 euros a month, which Mr Kaleja's wife gets in child benefit.

Mr Kaleja, 21, is waiting for the weather to improve, before he goes back to the capital, Bratislava, to try to get work laying pipes.

"We blame communism for a lot of things," says Mayor Revak, "but one thing that was good in those times, was the obligation to work.

"Instead of that, today people have grown dependent on the state. All they need each month is two signatures - at the labour office, when they sign on, and at the post office, when they pick up their welfare payments."

Then he talks about the loan sharks who afflict the Roma community - charging 100% a month.

"Everyone knows it's happening, but no one wants to testify," says the mayor. "And without victims, the police can't do anything."

Back in the Roma ghetto, the children sledge down the hill next to the wall, on every bit of cardboard, wood or plastic they can find.

The grown-ups worry about the wall. All the children worry about is the snow - melting away before that last, daredevil ride.
Story from BBC NEWS:
news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/europe/8548417.stm

Published: 2010/03/09 01:16:52 GMT

© BBC MMX

[kaima]

I dropped in at Usti nad Labem years ago to look over the cable stayed bridge that was built there. It was written up in the US magazine Civil Engineering. I kept the article for years and finally had time for a driving tour around the Czech Republic during one of my visits. The Czech family was surprised and pleased to see that a Czech bridge was written up in a US magazine.

It was interesting to walk the bridge and look over the details and the abutments of the bridge, but I didn't stick around town for more sight seeing. I headed off into the country side parallel to a river - that means along a very crooked country road. But it was also very beautiful.

In Slovakia I was also visiting family when we drove past a village with a section of subsidized housing built for local Gypsies. The locals refer to that part of the village as "Little Mexico". A few miles down the road another village has a bunch of retired Americans who built houses, and that is referred to as "New Jersey". The people have a good sense of humor.

Gypsies were and will remain a problem. They will be forever romanticized as the American Indian are romanticized, and after centuries of programs to help them and to change them, and some to assimilate them and one or two to exterminate them, I do not expect history to change much. With the best efforts of monarchies, democracies and central communism failing to change Gypsies, I doubt that much will change. Yet the desire - in the US and in the EU - is for the minority to change to accept the value system of the majority culture. And the subsidies will continue as long as we can afford them. And the accusations of discrimination.