Post by pieter on Apr 16, 2010 14:47:15 GMT -7
Selma Wijnberg-Engel
Selma Engel-Wijnberg (Groningen, 15 mei 1922) is a Dutch Holocaust surviver and the only Dutch prisonar of Sobibór who excaped and survived.
Wijnberg grew up in Zwolle where her parants had an hotel (hotel Wijnberg)
During the 2nd World war
In September 1942 she had to hide first in Utrecht, later in De Bilt. During hiding she used the name Greetje van den Berg. She was arrested by the police on 18 December. In February 1943 she was tranfered to Camp Vught than to Camp Westerbork and finaly to Sobibór on 9 April 1942.
Kamp Vught (Netherlands)
Arrival of a transport at the Westerbork camp. Westerbork, the Netherlands, 1942.
After her escape during the revolt of 14 Oktober 1943 (See Escape from Sobibor) she fled with the Polish Jew Chajm Engel (Koło, 10 augustus 1916 - 2003), whome she fell in love in Sobibór. The couple fled through a minefield and a forrest and hided for nine month on a addict of a farm untill the libaration of Poland in July 1944 by the Red army. Meanwhile the couple was married and she became pregnant. During their stay at the addict they were infected by the scabies.
Via Chełm and Parczewski, where their son Emiel was born, they went to Lubin. They crossed the Oekraïne by train to Tsjernivtsi and to Odessa. By boot, on which Chajm (as a non-Westeuropean) had to be smockeled,they left for Marseille. During the journey her son Emiel passed away and the body was given to the sea nearby Greece. From Marseille they traveld by train to Zwolle and stayed in their house, Hotel Wijnberg.
Selma, Chajm and Emiel
After the 2nd World war
Hans Kolfschoten
Minister Hans Kolfschoten decided that Chajm could not stay in the Netherlands as he was an unwanted foreigner. In the Nederlands they married again on 18 September 1945 and the police of Zwolle concluded that Selma, by marying the Polish Engel, also became Polish. The police asked the Ministry of Justice what should happen with them both. They couldn't be returned to Poland because Poland no longer exepted the return of Polish citicens from forign countries. There was decided not to internate them in a foreignercamp near Valkenswaard because expeted was that a quick return to Poland was possible. In Zwolle Selma gave birt to a son and a daughter. They setup a velvet and fashion store.
In 1951 they moved to Israël where they settled in Kibbutz Moledet and later in ***Beit Yitzhak. Chajm couldn't feel at home in Israël and in 1957 they decided to move to the United States where they settled in Branford. They returned to Europe for some times to justify against the warcriminals of Sobibór.
Selma Selma Wijnberg-Engel in the eightees
12 April 2010 Minister Ab Klink made exuse during the Westerbork-rememberings ceremony on behalf of the Dutch government. She didn't accept the excuses, because they were too late. The same day she was decorated with the grade of Knight in de Order of Oranje-Nassau. It was the first time since she left in 1951 she returned to the Netherlands she returned.
grade of Knight in de Order of Oranje-Nassau
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
* Moledet, Israel
Moledet (Hebrew: מוֹלֶדֶת, lit. Homeland) is a communal settlement in the Lower Galilee in northern Israel. It belongs to the Gilboa Regional Council.
The community was founded as a kibbutz on 4 July 1937 as part of the Tower and stockade program, and was named after the "Moledet" organization of the founders, who were immigrants to Mandate Palestine from Germany. In 1944 the community became a **moshav shitufi named "Bnei Brit", named after the Bnai Brith organization in the United States which donated money for purchasing the land, in honor of their president Alfred Cohen. The place then changed its name to "Moledet-Bnei Brit" until in 1957 it finally reverted to just "Moledet."
** Moshav shitufi
A Moshav shitufi (Hebrew: מושב שיתופי, lit. collective moshav, pl. moshavim shitufiim) is a type of cooperative village in Israel whose organizational principles place it between the kibbutz and the moshav on the scale of cooperation. A classical moshav (formally known as moshav ovdim, or workers' moshav) is a village-level service cooperative that takes care of farm services (such as marketing, supply, and credit) for its members, while all production and consumption activities are handled at the level of families and households. A classical kibbutz is a village-level production cooperative, with all production, consumption, and service decisions handled collectively. Moshav shitufi is an intermediate form, in which production and services are handled collectively, while consumption decisions remain the responsibility of the households. Moshav shitufi members are engaged in agriculture and industry in the village and also work in various professions outside the community, contributing their salary to the collective.
The first moshav shitufi, Kfar Hittim in Lower Galilee, was established in 1936. Moshav shitufi has never been as widespread as moshav or kibbutz. Thus, at the end of 2006 there were 40 such cooperative villages in Israel, compared with 400 moshavim and nearly 300 kibbutzim. The population in moshavim shitufiim was around 18,000, compared with 350,000 in moshavim and kibbutzim combined. There have been numerous instances in the history of cooperative agriculture in Israel when a kibbutz or a moshav reorganized as moshav shitufi, and vice versa. Thus, Moledet, the second moshav shitufi created in Israel, was founded in 1937 as a kibbutz and then reorganized in 1944 as moshav shitufi Bnei Brit (named after the Bnai Brith organization in the United States), reverting to the original name Moledet in 1957.
As of 2006 the population is 747.
***Beit Yitzhak : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Yitzhak
Selma Engel-Wijnberg (Groningen, 15 mei 1922) is a Dutch Holocaust surviver and the only Dutch prisonar of Sobibór who excaped and survived.
Wijnberg grew up in Zwolle where her parants had an hotel (hotel Wijnberg)
During the 2nd World war
In September 1942 she had to hide first in Utrecht, later in De Bilt. During hiding she used the name Greetje van den Berg. She was arrested by the police on 18 December. In February 1943 she was tranfered to Camp Vught than to Camp Westerbork and finaly to Sobibór on 9 April 1942.
Kamp Vught (Netherlands)
Arrival of a transport at the Westerbork camp. Westerbork, the Netherlands, 1942.
After her escape during the revolt of 14 Oktober 1943 (See Escape from Sobibor) she fled with the Polish Jew Chajm Engel (Koło, 10 augustus 1916 - 2003), whome she fell in love in Sobibór. The couple fled through a minefield and a forrest and hided for nine month on a addict of a farm untill the libaration of Poland in July 1944 by the Red army. Meanwhile the couple was married and she became pregnant. During their stay at the addict they were infected by the scabies.
Via Chełm and Parczewski, where their son Emiel was born, they went to Lubin. They crossed the Oekraïne by train to Tsjernivtsi and to Odessa. By boot, on which Chajm (as a non-Westeuropean) had to be smockeled,they left for Marseille. During the journey her son Emiel passed away and the body was given to the sea nearby Greece. From Marseille they traveld by train to Zwolle and stayed in their house, Hotel Wijnberg.
Selma, Chajm and Emiel
After the 2nd World war
Hans Kolfschoten
Minister Hans Kolfschoten decided that Chajm could not stay in the Netherlands as he was an unwanted foreigner. In the Nederlands they married again on 18 September 1945 and the police of Zwolle concluded that Selma, by marying the Polish Engel, also became Polish. The police asked the Ministry of Justice what should happen with them both. They couldn't be returned to Poland because Poland no longer exepted the return of Polish citicens from forign countries. There was decided not to internate them in a foreignercamp near Valkenswaard because expeted was that a quick return to Poland was possible. In Zwolle Selma gave birt to a son and a daughter. They setup a velvet and fashion store.
In 1951 they moved to Israël where they settled in Kibbutz Moledet and later in ***Beit Yitzhak. Chajm couldn't feel at home in Israël and in 1957 they decided to move to the United States where they settled in Branford. They returned to Europe for some times to justify against the warcriminals of Sobibór.
Selma Selma Wijnberg-Engel in the eightees
12 April 2010 Minister Ab Klink made exuse during the Westerbork-rememberings ceremony on behalf of the Dutch government. She didn't accept the excuses, because they were too late. The same day she was decorated with the grade of Knight in de Order of Oranje-Nassau. It was the first time since she left in 1951 she returned to the Netherlands she returned.
grade of Knight in de Order of Oranje-Nassau
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
* Moledet, Israel
Moledet (Hebrew: מוֹלֶדֶת, lit. Homeland) is a communal settlement in the Lower Galilee in northern Israel. It belongs to the Gilboa Regional Council.
The community was founded as a kibbutz on 4 July 1937 as part of the Tower and stockade program, and was named after the "Moledet" organization of the founders, who were immigrants to Mandate Palestine from Germany. In 1944 the community became a **moshav shitufi named "Bnei Brit", named after the Bnai Brith organization in the United States which donated money for purchasing the land, in honor of their president Alfred Cohen. The place then changed its name to "Moledet-Bnei Brit" until in 1957 it finally reverted to just "Moledet."
** Moshav shitufi
A Moshav shitufi (Hebrew: מושב שיתופי, lit. collective moshav, pl. moshavim shitufiim) is a type of cooperative village in Israel whose organizational principles place it between the kibbutz and the moshav on the scale of cooperation. A classical moshav (formally known as moshav ovdim, or workers' moshav) is a village-level service cooperative that takes care of farm services (such as marketing, supply, and credit) for its members, while all production and consumption activities are handled at the level of families and households. A classical kibbutz is a village-level production cooperative, with all production, consumption, and service decisions handled collectively. Moshav shitufi is an intermediate form, in which production and services are handled collectively, while consumption decisions remain the responsibility of the households. Moshav shitufi members are engaged in agriculture and industry in the village and also work in various professions outside the community, contributing their salary to the collective.
The first moshav shitufi, Kfar Hittim in Lower Galilee, was established in 1936. Moshav shitufi has never been as widespread as moshav or kibbutz. Thus, at the end of 2006 there were 40 such cooperative villages in Israel, compared with 400 moshavim and nearly 300 kibbutzim. The population in moshavim shitufiim was around 18,000, compared with 350,000 in moshavim and kibbutzim combined. There have been numerous instances in the history of cooperative agriculture in Israel when a kibbutz or a moshav reorganized as moshav shitufi, and vice versa. Thus, Moledet, the second moshav shitufi created in Israel, was founded in 1937 as a kibbutz and then reorganized in 1944 as moshav shitufi Bnei Brit (named after the Bnai Brith organization in the United States), reverting to the original name Moledet in 1957.
As of 2006 the population is 747.
***Beit Yitzhak : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Yitzhak
