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Post by pieter on Feb 11, 2023 17:30:54 GMT -7
Folks,
I have on point of criticism towards this video. The commentator describes the Croats as more brutal than the German and Austrian Nazi's, but the Gestapo, SD, Einsatzkommando's/Einsatzgruppen and their Ukrainian,Russian, Baltic, Hungarian and Romanian henchmen in all the Central- and Eastern-European occupied territories had similar methods. The Croatian Ustashas were part of the Nazi-Fascist alliance of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, so the atrocities in the Creatian camps in my opinion were part of the Holocaust. German/Austrian Wehrmacht and Waffen SS, Gestapo, SD and Ordnungspolzei knew what was happening in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina in that time. The mass murder of Serbs, Jews and Sinti- and Roma there in my opinion was part of the Holocaust.
Pieter------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Folks,
It is true though that these Croatian Ustashas were extremely vicious, sadistic, cruel, inhumane, bestial and sick murderers. Of course I have to say that Serb Nationalist forces and Nazi collaborating forces weren't very pleasant lads either. I talk about the Yugoslav royalist and Serbian nationalist movement and guerrilla force of the Chetniks.
Chetnik ideology revolved around the notion of a Greater Serbia within the borders of Yugoslavia, to be created out of all territories in which Serbs were found, even if the numbers were small. This goal had long been the foundation of the movement for a Greater Serbia. During Axis occupation the notion of clearing or "ethnically cleansing" these territories was introduced largely in response to the massacres of Serbs by the Ustashe in the Independent State of Croatia. However, the largest Chetnik massacres took place in eastern Bosnia where they preceded any significant Ustashe operations. According to Pavlowitch, terror tactics were committed by local commanders of the Chetnik organisation. Mihailović disapproved these acts of ethnic cleansing against civilians, however he failed to take action in stopping these acts of terror, given the lack of command he had over local commanders and the rudimentary methods of communication that existed in the Chetnik command structure.
Prior to the outbreak of World War II, use of terror tactics had a long tradition in the area as various oppressed groups sought their freedom and atrocities were committed by all parties engaged in conflict in Yugoslavia. During the early stages of the occupation, the Ustaše had also recruited a number of Muslims to aid in the persecutions of the Serbs, and even though only a relatively small number of Croats and Muslims engaged in these activities, and many opposed them, those actions initiated a cycle of violence and retribution between the Catholics, Orthodox and Muslims, as each sought to rid the others from the territories they controlled.
In particular, Ustaše ideologues were concerned with the large Serb minority in the NDH, and initiated acts of terror on a wide scale in May 1941. Two months later, in July, the Germans protested the brutality of these actions. Reprisals followed, as in the case of Nevesinje, where Serb peasants staged an uprising in response to the persecution, drove out the Ustaše militia, but then engaged in reprisals, killing hundreds of Muslims and some Croats, whom they associated with the Ustaše.
On the Serb side you had various militairy organisations which collaborated with the German/Austrian Nazi forces and sometimes even with the Croatian Nazi fascists Ustaše units against the Communist Partisans of Josip Broz Tito (7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980).
Along with other collaborationist military and paramilitary units, the Serbian State Guard (SDS) was used against the Partisans operating within the occupied territory. In late 1941, prior to the formation of the SDS, the Serbian gendarmerie had participated in the German-led Operation Uzice, which drove the Partisans and Chetniks from the Užice area. The SDS routinely executed captured Partisans, and frequently took and murdered hostages in towns and villages. The SDS also included former members of the gendarmerie that had assisted German troops to round up hostages to be shot at both Kraljevo and Kragujevac in October 1941. In July 1941, the Banjica concentration camp had been established in the suburbs of Belgrade. It was initially guarded by both the Gestapo and the SDS, but sole responsibility was eventually transferred to the SDS, who behaved sadistically and violently towards the inmates. Survivors of the camp stated that executions at the camp were carried out by both the Belgrade Special Police and the SDS, and that those executed included children. A total of 3,849 people were killed at the camp before it was closed on 3 October 1944. The SDS became increasingly unpopular with the population as time went on. Despite their limited independence, the SDS actively engaged in dehumanising Jews, Roma and communist Serbs, and in killing people from those groups or delivering them to the Germans for execution. They engaged in the execution of hostages both under Gestapo or Wehrmacht control and at their own initiative. The SDS clashed with other collaborationist formations at times, specifically Dimitrije Ljotić's Serbian Volunteer Corps (Srpski dobrovoljački korpus or SDK), and the Pećanac Chetniks loyal to vojvoda Kosta Pećanac.
Folks, My (Pieter) view on the Southern Slavs and the the Balkan Peninsula (the Balkans) is not a very positive or optimistic or empathic view. Balkan people seem to be harsh, tough, ethnocentric and bloodthirsty in conflict. It could have to do that the Balkans lie in a border aria of Europe and Asia and that the tension between the Turkish Ottoman Empire and the Austrian-Hungarian (Habsburg) Empire existed there in the form of Christianity vs Turkish Islam ☪️. A second dividing line is between Orthodox Christianity ✝️ (The Serbs) vs Roman Catholic Christianity (the Croats) and ethnic differences. The Bosnian Muslims (Slavic European Muslims) are inbetween the Croats and the Serbs. The same counts for the Albanian Muslims in Kosovo and Macedonia 🇲🇰 whom live next to Serb Orthodox and North Macedonian (Slavic) Orthodox christians. Tensions in that area in Februari 2023 are running high again in Bosnia-Herzegovina 🇧🇦 and Kosovo 🇽🇰 and Serbia 🇷🇸 on that former Yugoslavian space of the Southern Slavs and the Kosovar Albanians.
Since the First World War, the Interwar Years (Interbellum; the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days)) with it's political assassinations in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Second World War, a communist repressive regime under Josip Broz Tito (7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), and after Tito's death the disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992) (Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija), the evil demons of ethnic Nationalism, Ultra-Nationalism, hatred, sadistic ethnic cleansing, mass murder, rape, torture and destroyed burnt out villages, towns and cities returned during the civil wars during the nineties in Slovenia (entering Yugoslav army, resistance Slovenian people), the war in Bosnia Herzegovina (6 April 1992 – 14 December 1995 (3 years, 8 months, 1 week and 6 days)), the Croatian War of Independence (31 March 1991 – 12 November 1995)), (4 years, 7 months, 1 week and 5 days) and the Kosovo War (28 February 1998 – 11 June 1999 (1 year, 3 months and 2 weeks)). The ghosts of the Croatian Ustashas, the Croatian Home Guard (Domobrani), the Serb Chetniks, the Serbian Volunteer Corps, the Serbian State Guard and the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian) (A mostly Bosnian Muslim SS division in the Independent State of Croatia, a fascist puppet state of Germany that encompassed almost all of modern-day Croatia, all of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as parts of Serbia) returned to Croatia, Bosnia Herzegovina, Serbia, Northern Macedonia (tensions between ethnic Macedonians and Albanians in Northern Macedonia), and Kosovo (the present tense situation of tension between Serbia 🇷🇸 and Kosovo 🇽🇰). With the tensions in Central-Europe, Eastern-Europe, South-Eastern Europe (Turkey vs Greece, Serbia vs Kosovo, new ethnic tensions in Bosnia Herzegovina due to ethnic Serb Nationalism and the wish to erect a Serb-Bosnian republic) are alive and kicking in South-Eastern Europe today. In the Ukrianian war (2014-.....) Croatian Ustashas are fighting on the Ukrainian side and Serb Chetniks on the Russian side. History repeats itself, but it is never exactly the same.
Sources:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetniks en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustaše en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Volunteer_Corps_(World_War_II)
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Post by pieter on Feb 11, 2023 17:37:23 GMT -7
The Role of the Catholic Church in Yugoslavia’s Holocaustchurchandstate.org.uk/2015/12/the-role-of-the-catholic-church-in-yugoslavias-holocaust/The brutality of Bosnian Croat Franciscan friar and Ustashe military chaplain, Miroslav Filipović (5 June 1915 – 29 June 1946), who participated in atrocities during World War II in Yugoslavia is incredible. His death penalty by hanging was mild compared to the terrible brutal way he murdered Serb children and adults. He was found guilty, sentenced to death and hanged in Belgrade in the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1963), wearing the robes of the Franciscan Order.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miroslav_Filipović
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Post by pieter on Feb 11, 2023 18:44:29 GMT -7
If you read about the Austro-Hungarian war crimes in Serbia you understand partly why later the Serbs, Croats and Bosnian Muslims became so vicious, cruel, sadistic and mean. The brutality, viciousness, bloodshed, bloody rivalry, ethnic cleansing and brutal warfare exists there for more than 100 years.Austro-Hungarian war crimes in Serbia during the First World War (1914-1918)Austro-Hungarian soldiers executing men and women in Serbia, 1916Austria's propaganda machinery spread anti-Serb sentiment, with other things, the slogan "Serbien muss sterben" (Serbia must die). During the First World War (1914-1918) Austro-Hungarian officers in Serbia ordered troops to "exterminate and burn everything that is Serbian", and hangings and mass shootings were everyday occurrences. Austrian historian, Anton Holzer, wrote that the Austro-Hungarian army carried out "countless and systematic massacres…against the Serbian population. The soldiers invaded villages and rounded up unarmed men, women and children. They were either shot dead, bayoneted to death or hanged. The victims were locked into barns and burned alive. Women were sent up to the front lines and mass-raped. The inhabitants of whole villages were taken as hostages and humiliated and tortured."
A claim from a local spy that "traitors" were hiding in a certain house was enough to sentence the whole family to death by hanging. Priests were often hanged, under the accusation of spreading the spirit of treason among the people. Multiple source state that 30,000 Serbs, mostly civilians, were hanged by Austro-Hungarian forces in the first year of the war alone.Austro-Hungarian troops executing Serbian civilians, likely ca. 1915. Serbians suffered greatly during the war years, counting more than a million casualties by 1918, including losses in battle, mass executions, and the worst typhus epidemic in history.
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Post by pieter on Feb 12, 2023 6:27:32 GMT -7
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Post by pieter on Feb 12, 2023 6:37:54 GMT -7
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Post by pieter on Feb 12, 2023 7:32:42 GMT -7
Folks,
I clearly want to state in this reply that I am not anti-Croatian, nor anti-Serb, nor, anti-Bosnian Muslim, nor anti-Slovenian, nor anti-Montengran, nor anti-Macedonian nor anti-Kosovar Albanian. I see the history of former Yugoslavia (1918–1992), and the states that came out of Yugoslavia, Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Kosovo as tragic and dramatic, due to the enormous amount of blood which was spilled there in numerous massacres. In the Multi-ethnic Netherlands during the years I have met many individuals from former Yugoslavia, Croats, Serbs, Bosnians, Slovenins, Kosovar Albanians, Montenegrins, North Macedonians, and next to these former Yugoslavians also Albanians from Albania, Bulgarians from Bulgaria, Romanians from Romania and Moldova. To be honest is to say that the people I met the most were Bosnians, Croats and Serbs. A lot of them fled the wars in former Yugoslavia during the nineties. Some of these people were Pro-Tito, Titoïst (supporters of the Yugoslavian form of Communism), and some of them were Croat, Bosnian or Serb patriots, but non of them were exactly hateful against the other ethnic groups. Many of them even had multi-ethnic families in the former Yugoslavia and after that in Bosnia-Herzegovina (Sarajevo or Mostar), Croatia (Zagreb) and Serbia (Belgrade). One 'Yugslavian' woman said to me in the late nineties, I have no homeland, my mother is Croatian, she was from Zagreb, my father was born in Belgrade and is Serb, and I have Bosnian aunts and uncles. In the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992) it didn't matter which ethnic background, religion, culture or language you had, we were all Yugoslavians. After the desintegration and collapse of Yugoslavia our problems started. In some Bosnian or Serb migrant homes I saw the portrait of Josip Broz Tito and the flag of Yugoslavia on the walls of their homes, next to family photo's, paintings and graphical art. These people really missed Tito's communist Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, like some East-Germans miss the former German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR) and some Russians, Belarussians and Ukrainians in Eastern-Ukraine, and Russian minorities in the Baltic States missed or miss the SovjetUnion. The flag of the Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaPartisan leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito and General Koča Popović, Drvar, Yugoslavia, 1943 The Balkans comprise Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia. Its total area is usually given as 666,700 km2 (257,400 sq mi) and the population as 59,297,000 (est. 2002). Folks, people are people and thus I state you have and had very good Croatians, Serbs, Bosnians, Slovenians, Kosovar Albanians, North Macedonians, Yugoslavia Jews, Sinti and Roma, ethnic Hungarians and ethnic Volksdeutsche in former Yugoslavia during the world and after World War II (1939-1940). The Croatian Home Guard (Croatian: Hrvatsko domobranstvo) was the land army part of the armed forces of the Independent State of Croatia which existed during World War II was less bad than the vicious and murderous Croatian Ustaše Militia (Croatian: Ustaška vojnica). I have to say that and you can read about it in this link ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_Home_Guard_(World_War_II) ).
Not all Croatians were Ustaše supporters, many were more moderate Patriots, Social Democrats, Croatian peasant party followers and members or followers and members of the Yugoslavian independent Communist Partisans of Josip Broz Tito (7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980).
People often think in black and white about a conflict, a civil war, a political conflict with polarisation, a historical era, religious, ethnic, cultural and linguistic and financial-economical and technological confrontations, discord, tensions, hostilities and conflicts. Reality is more nuanced, diverse, multi layered than a Black and White image of 'Good and Bad'. So, not al the Croats were Ultra nationalist, Nazi/Fascist, Racist, anti-Serb, antisemitic, Antiziganistic ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment ), anti-communist Ustaše members and killers. Many Croats were not member of the Ustaše, many Croats were Communist Partisans, and fought together with Serbs, Bosnians and Slovenians against the Austrian and German Wehrmacht and Waffen SS, Ustaše Militia, Chetnik units, and the collaborationist Serbian State Guard (Srpska državna straža, SDS) and the Serbian Volunteer Corps (Serbian: Српски добровољачки корпус, Srpski dobrovoljački korpus, SDK for short; German: Serbisches Freiwilligenkorps), also known as Ljotićevci (Serbian: Љотићевци), the paramilitary branch of the fascist political organisation Zbor ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav_National_Movement ), and collaborated with the forces of Nazi Germany in the German-occupied territory of Serbia during World War II.
Conclusion: In no way I am anti-Croatian and in no way agains Croatia, not all Croats were Ustaše people. I owe my life to the fact that my parents (Dutch father and Polish mother) met in Dubrovnik in 1966. Dubrovnik is a city in southern Dalmatia, Croatia, by the Adriatic Sea in the back then Socialist Republic of Croatia (Serbo-Croatian: Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska / Социјалистичка Република Хрватска), or SR Croatia, a constituent republic and federated state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. So Croatia and Yugoslavia are important in my life and that of my parents and the life of my sister. Maybe a majority of the Croats was not Ustaše? You have to realise that the Croatian Fascist Ustaše puppet state was totally controlled by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy (Axis powers) and that German Nazism and Italian Fascism next to Croatian Ultra-Nationalism, racism, anti-semitism, Antiziganism, anti-communism, Catholic fundamentalism (clericalism), anti-Serb attitudes played a large role in the Ustaše Croatian ideology, movement, party, militia and practice.
Cheers, Pieter
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Post by pieter on Feb 12, 2023 8:08:33 GMT -7
Clerical Fascism
13.620 weergaven 16 nov 2016 (14 May 2016) Thousands of far-right supporters, many brandishing insignia and waving flags of Croatia's World War II Ustasha regime, gathered on a field in southern Austria on Saturday to commemorate the massacre of the pro-Nazis by victorious communists at the end of World War II. The event, held annually, this year came amid a surge of far-right sentiments in the EU's newest member country. For Croatian nationalists, the Bleiburg site symbolises their suffering under communism in Yugoslavia before they fought a war for independence in the 1990s. Tens of thousands of Croatians, mostly Ustasha soldiers, fled to Bleiburg in May 1945 amid a Yugoslav communist offensive, only to be turned back from Austria by the British military and into the hands of revengeful anti-fascists. Thousands were killed and buried in mass graves in and around Bleiburg.
The Ustasha regime sent tens of thousands Serbs, Jews, Gypsies and Croatian anti-fascists to death camps during the war. The gathering Saturday on a vast field surrounded by mountains was attended by top Croatian officials and Croatian Catholic Church clergy who held a mass for the killed Croats. Since taking power in January, Croatia's centre-right government has widely been blamed of turning a blind eye to the rising extremism and downplaying the crimes of the Ustasha regime. The policies have triggered protests from the minority Jewish and Serb communities.
23 mei 2019 (18 May 2019) Thousands of Croatian far-right supporters gathered in a field in southern Austria on Saturday to commemorate the massacre of pro-Nazi Croats by communists at the end of World War II. For Croatian nationalists, the controversial annual event near the village of Bleiburg symbolises their suffering under communism in the former Yugoslavia before they fought a war for independence in the 1990s. However, Bleiburg's mayor Stefan Visocnik has branded the event "a mask for the glorification of Nazism." Tens of thousands of Croatians, mostly pro-fascist soldiers and their families, fled to the region in May 1945 amid a Yugoslav army offensive, only to be turned back from Austria by the British military and into the hands of anti-fascists. Thousands of the so-called Ustashas were killed in and around Bleiburg.
Tens of thousands of Jews, Serbs, Gypsies and anti-fascist Croats perished in Ustasha-run death camps during WWII and the Bleiburg massacre was seen by historians as revenge by the victorious communist partisan fighters. Austria's anti-fascist groups, waving the former Yugoslavia's flags with the communist red star and signs "Death to Fascism," held small protests during the event attended by some 10,000 Croatians. Hundreds of Austrian police officers were deployed and police helicopters hovered above the prayer ceremony on the vast field surrounded by mountains. The rally was peaceful and no incidents were reported.
I have to say that the same kind of meetings of old Colaborationalist and direct Nazi veterans of various SS, Arrow Cross Party (Hungary) and Iron Guard (Romania) people took place in Ukraine, Hungary, Romania and the former Baltic states (with their various SS formations and collaborationaliat Baltic forces that participated in the Holocaust). It is incredible today that in Europe former murderers, representatives of mass killing organisations can have gatherings and meetings like that? The same counts for former Stalinist Communist hard liners whom took part in Stalinist purges, KGB terror against dissidents and the occupations of Hungary (1956) and Prague and Czechoslowakia in 1968 and Afghanistan (1978-1990). It is a shame that these meetings still find pace. And that's why Nazism, Fascism and Stalinist communism can rear it's ugly head again in 2023 in Ukraine and South Eastern Europe (the Balkans).
Pieter
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Post by pieter on Feb 12, 2023 8:34:48 GMT -7
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Post by pieter on Feb 12, 2023 8:35:52 GMT -7
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Post by Jaga on Feb 12, 2023 9:57:14 GMT -7
I have heard bad things about Ustashes, just like about Ukrainian forces that were helping the Nazi’s. Apparently some of these people who were fighting as nationalists for their countries were very cruel. This might be some selected cases like this priest....I have never heard about eyes being used for beads. This sounds almost impossible, but removing the eyes from alive people was a tradition even during arguments between royal brothers who would inherit the kingdom.
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Post by pieter on Feb 12, 2023 13:08:12 GMT -7
Dear Jaga,
The Poles were one of the few European people that had no large collaborationalist Nazi forces. In contrast with the Dutch (our Nazified Police force and Nazi collaborationalist para militairy WA - Weer Afdeling-, Landwacht and Dutch Waffen SS, and Dutch Sicherheitsdienst, SD and Gestapo members), Belgian, French, Danish, Norwegian, French, Slovak, Ukrainian, Baltic, Belarussian, Russian, Hungarian, Romanian, Serb, Croat, Bosnian, Slovenian, the Gielemännchen ("yellow men") in Luxemburg (Luxemburgian Nazi’s), the the collaborationist government of Greece (Hellenic State (1941–1944)), the Albanian Fascist Militia and the the 21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg (1st Albanian) manned by Albanians and Kosovo Albanians, during the Nazi occupation of Monaco, the Monaco police arrested and turned over 42 Central European Jewish refugees to the Nazis.
While the Nazi brutality in the Netherlands might have been less severe than in Slavic countries with a lot of Slavic people, Jews, Sinti and Roma, the Dutch Nazi's weren't less brutal, sadistic and dangerous than the collaborationalist forces in other countries. Betrayal by or being hunted down by Dutch nazi's often ment being beaten up, being interrogated by the Ordnungspolizei, Sicherheitspolizei (SiPO), Sicherheitsdienst (SD) or the Gestapo, and often ment torture, death (execution) or being sent to a Nazi concentration camp, where a lot of Dutch resistance fighters died next to Jews, Dutch Sinti and Roma, Jehova witnesses and communists and Social Democrats the German and Austrian Nazi occupiers disliked. The young men in the black nazi uniforms Heinrich Himmler inspects in Utrecht (the Netherlands) are Dutch and you see the Dutch nazi youth movement version of the German Hitler Youth, called the Jeugdstorm (Youth Storm). ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationale_Jeugdstorm )Dutch police trained in Nazi fashionThe Dutch That Fought Against the Western Allies in World War II - 34th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division Landstorm NederlandDutch soldier of the 34th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division Landstorm NederlandDutch branch of the Waffen SS recruitment posterDutch branch of the Waffen SS recruitment posterDutch branch of the Waffen SS recruitment posterDutch branch of the Waffen SS recruitment posterRecruitment for the the Volunteer Legion Netherlands. The Netherlands Volunteer Legion was a name for Dutch people who wanted to fight for Nazi Germany against the Bolsheviks in Eastern Europe during World War II. In practice it was a Nazi propaganda instrument and recruitment mechanism for the Waffen SS and Wehrmacht for the Eastern Front.
The first impetus for this legion came from the leader Arnold Meijer of the Dutch Greater Netherlandic and Fascist National Front, a smaller organisation than Anton Musserts NSB (National Socialist Movement). ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Front_(Netherlands) ) Meijer aimed for a Greater Netherlands and by setting up a volunteer legion, he hoped to come into a good light with the German occupiers in favor of the NSB. In his view, the legion should also have a clear Dutch stamp. This was against the idea of the Germans. On 28 June 1941 Meijer's report appeared in the newspapers that a volunteer legion was being set up.
About a week and a half later, on July 6, 1941, another newspaper article about the legion appeared, stating that the Netherlands Volunteer Legion had been established. However, this was without Meijer's knowledge and the address where volunteers could register was at an office of the Waffen-SS, the SS-Ergänzungstelle Nordwest in The Hague. The Germans wanted to place the volunteers in a regiment of the SS where they wear German clothing with only Dutch insignia. Meijer was therefore put aside by the Germans. The NSB, on the other hand, saw more and more in the legion and also started recruiting among its own members, especially the WA. As a result, groups of Dutch people, many of whom were NSB members, left for Dębica for training. They did get separate runes and got an image of the prince's flag on their uniform. The soldiers therefore had to take the oath on the Führer and the prince's flag. Commander of the legion became the former chief of staff of the Dutch army, H.A. Seyffardt. On the evening of Friday 5 February 1943, after answering a knock at his front door in Scheveningen, The Hague, Seyffardt was shot twice by student Jan Verleun who had accompanied Dr. Kastein, the leader of the Dutch communist resistance group CS-6 on the mission. A day later Seyffardt succumbed to his wounds in hospital.Hendrik Alexander Seyffardt (1 November 1872 – 6 February 1943) was a Dutch general, who during World War II collaborated with Nazi Germany during the occupation of the Netherlands, most notably as a figurehead of the Dutch Legion, a unit of the Waffen-SS on the Eastern Front. ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Seyffardt ) Personal flag of Hendrik Seyffardt, with the Wolfsangel symbol at centre. The Wolfsangel ("wolf's hook") or Crampon is a heraldic charge from Germany and eastern France, which was inspired by medieval European wolf traps.1941: General Seyffard, dressed in Dutch general uniform, gives the Hitler salute during the swearing-in of the Eastern Front volunteers at the Binnenhof in The Hague.The funeral of the head of the Dutch Legion, a unit of the Waffen-SS on the Eastern Front, general Hendrik Seyffardt, attended by Dutch, Austrian and German top Nazi leaders. The Austrians are the 2 highest ranking Nazi functionaries in the Netherlands, third from the right, Reich commissioner for the German-occupied Netherlands Arthur Seyss-Inquart, First person on the right SS and Police Leader SS-Obergruppenführer Hanns Albin Rauter and inbetween them, Second fro the right leader of the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB) Anton Mussert. Next to them high Luftwaffe, Ordnugspolizei and Wehrmacht officers and high ranking NSDAP and NSB functionaries.Funeral of the head of the Dutch Legion, a unit of the Waffen-SS on the Eastern Front, general Hendrik Seyffardt in Februari 1943An example of the terror of Dutch Nazi's is Operation Silbertanne. The Deaths of general Seyffardt and the Dutch National Socialist activist and civil servant Hermannus Reydon led to massive Nazi reprisals in the occupied Netherlands, under Operation Silbertanne. The resistance group CS-6 carried out an attack on Hermannus Reydon (1896[–1943), killing his wife immediately. Reydon himself died six months later from the injuries sustained. Operation Silbertanne (silver fir) was the codename of a series of executions that were committed between September 1943 and September 1944 during the German occupation of the Netherlands. The executions were carried out by a death squad composed of Dutch members of the Waffen SS and Dutch veterans (also Dutch Waffen SS) of the Eastern Front. Read the story here: hhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Silbertanne Johannes Hendrik Feldmeijer (30 November 1910 – 22 February 1945) was a Dutch Nazi politician, a member of the NSB and Standartenführer in the Allgemeine SS. Feldmeijer was tasked with establishing and commanding the Netherlands SS. In April–May 1941 Feldmeijer was a gunner in the Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler in Yugoslavia and Greece, and June 1942 – March 1943 he was a Flak commander in SS-Division Wiking at the Eastern Front in Southern Russia.
Feldmeijer supported the retaliatory measures taken against the resistance actions against NSB members. He was a member of the Sonderkommando-Feldmeijer between September 1943 and September 1944, and executed at least 20 people for resistance activities in an operation named Silbertanne Aktion. Other prominent members of the commando were Heinrich Boere, and Klaas Carel Faber and his brother. In February 1945 he was appointed to command a battalion of the Landstorm Nederland.
While driving to his position at the front, his car was strafed by an Allied fighter plane and Feldmeijer was killed. He was buried in Haren several days later. Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler sent SS-Obergruppenführer and SS and Police Leader (SS- und Polizeiführer) of the Netherlands Hanns Albin Rauter a telegram after hearing of the death of Feldmeijer:
I am very sad over the death of Feldmeijer. Please convey my condolences to his wife. Feldmeijer was the future of Holland in my eyes. Don't bother to offer my condolences to Mister Mussert, as he never knew what kind of man he had in Feldmeijer. Reichsfuhrer SS Heinrich Himmler hands out insignia to Dutch SS recruits (archive). Photo ANPDutch War Criminals: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Boere / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaas_Carel_Faber War criminal Maarten Kuiper (1898 – 1948) Maarten Kuiper (The Hague, November 30, 1898 – Weesperkarspel, August 30, 1948) was a Dutch policeman, NSB member and SS member who was seriously involved in war crimes.
During World War II he worked for the Sicherheitsdienst (SD). In this capacity he tracked down Jews (he received a payment for every Jew he brought in) and confiscated radios. Kuiper was known for his brutality during interrogations. He often collaborated with German colleagues such as Emil Rühl, Friedrich Viebahn and Ernst Wehner.
Kuiper participated in Aktion Silbertanne, in which he was involved in the murder of the writer A.M. the Young.
On the morning of July 15, 1944, Kuiper, together with SD man Friedrich Viebahn, arrested the seriously injured resistance fighter Hilbert van Dijk after his failed raid on the Weteringschans. Van Dijk was executed the next day, together with the other detainees, including Johannes Post, in the presence of Willy Lages and Kuiper.
According to the British writer Carol Ann Lee, Kuiper contributed to the arrest of all people in hiding in the Secret Annex at Prinsengracht 263 on 4 August 1944. Among them were Anne Frank and her family, as well as their helpers Johannes Kleiman and Victor Kugler. Lee claims that it was Anton Ahlers who informed the SD, but that is not true. Nor did her story that Kuiper was present at the arrest.
Kuiper carried out the execution of Hannie Schaft on April 17, 1945.Hannie Schaft execution scene in the movie 'The Girl With the Red Hair' (1981) about the Dutch ResistanceBelarusSome Belarusian collaborators participated in various massacres of Jews and Belarusian villagers, however, most of these massacres had to be carried out by Baltic and Ukrainian collaborators because of a relatively small willingness of Belarusians to participate.Northern MacedoniaIn Bulgaria-annexed Macedonia, the Ohrana (armed collaborationist detachments organized by the former Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) structures, composed of Bulgarians in Nazi-occupied Greek Macedonia during World War II and led by officers of the Bulgarian Army), was organized by the occupation authority as auxiliary security forces. On 11 March 1943 Skopje's entire Jewish population was deported to the gas chambers of Treblinka concentration camp in Poland.PolandUnlike the situation in other German-occupied European countries, where the Germans installed collaborationist authorities, in occupied Poland there was no puppet government. Poland as a polity never surrendered to the Germans, instead evacuating its government and armed forces via Romania and Hungary and by sea to allied France and Great Britain, while German-occupied Polish territory was either annexed outright by Nazi Germany or placed under German administration as the General Government.
Shortly after the German Invasion of Poland, the Nazi authorities ordered the mobilization of prewar Polish officials and the Polish police (the Blue Police), who were forced, under penalty of death, to work for the German occupation authorities. The primary task of the officials was to run the day-to-day administration of the occupied territories; and of the Blue Police, to act as a regular police force dealing with criminal activities. The Germans also used the Blue Police to combat smuggling and resistance and to round up (łapanka) random civilians for forced labor and to apprehend Jews (in German, Judenjagd, "hunting Jews"). While many officials and police reluctantly followed German orders, some acted as agents for the Polish resistance. Some of the collaborators – szmalcowniks – blackmailed Jews and their Polish rescuers and assisted the Germans as informers, turning in Jews and Poles who hid them, and reporting on the Polish resistance.
Many prewar Polish citizens of German descent voluntarily declared themselves Volksdeutsche ("ethnic Germans"), and some of them committed atrocities against the Polish population and organized large-scale looting of property.
The Germans set up Jewish-run governing bodies in Jewish communities and ghettos – Judenrat (Jewish council) that served as self-enforcing intermediaries for managing Jewish communities and ghettos; and Jewish Ghetto Police (Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst), which functioned as auxiliary police forces tasked with maintaining order and combating crime. The Germans used the Judenrats to register Jews for deportation to ghettos; and the Jewish ghetto police, to disrupt Jewish resistance in the ghettos and to facilitate deportation of Jews to German concentration camps. Additionally, Jewish collaborationist groups such as Żagiew and Group 13 worked directly for the German Gestapo, informing on Polish resistance efforts to save Jews.
The Jewish Ghetto Police or Jewish Police Service (German: Jüdische Ghetto-Polizei or Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst), also called the Jewish Police by Jews, were auxiliary police units organized within the Nazi ghettos by local Judenrat (Jewish councils).
One of the largest Jewish police units was to be found in the Warsaw Ghetto, where the Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst numbered about 2,500. The Łódź Ghetto had about 1,200, and the Lwów Ghetto 500.
The Polish-Jewish historian and Warsaw Ghetto archivist Emanuel Ringelblum has described the cruelty of the ghetto Jewish police as "at times greater than that of the Germans, the Ukrainians and the Latvians." The Jewish ghetto police ultimately shared the same fate with all their fellow ghetto inmates. On the ghettos' liquidation (1942–1943), they were either killed on-site or sent to extermination camps.
The Warsaw Ghetto Council of Elders was supported internally by the Jewish Ghetto Police (Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst), formed at the end of September 1940 with 3,000 men, instrumental in enforcing law and order as well as carrying out German ad hoc regulations, especially after 1941, when the number of refugees and expellees in Warsaw reached 150,000 or nearly one third of the entire Jewish population of the capital.
The Polish Underground State's wartime Underground courts investigated 17,000 Poles who collaborated with the Germans; about 3,500 were sentenced to death.
- Emanuel Ringelblum (November 21, 1900 – March 10, 1944)– historian, politician and social worker, leader of the ghetto chroniclers. Discovered in Warsaw and executed together with his family in 1944.
Most Fascist/Nazi collaborationalist forces were very brutal, sadistic organisations. They killed a lot of people in many European nations.
Pieter
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Post by pieter on Feb 13, 2023 1:59:48 GMT -7
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Post by pieter on Feb 13, 2023 2:14:25 GMT -7
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Post by pieter on Feb 13, 2023 2:24:55 GMT -7
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Post by pieter on Feb 13, 2023 2:25:44 GMT -7
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